Morphological disruptions

When blucgill fish were cxpo.scd to diazinon at 60 jxg/iitcr in water, scrum E2 became undetectable within 24 hr and there was morphological disruption of ovarian follicles (Maxwell and Dutta, 2005). 

Haas-Smith, D. Kritchevsky, and M. M. Cassidy, Morphological disruption of colonic mucosa by free or cholestyramine-bound bile acids, Dig.Dis.Sci., (1984) in press. 

In a mechanical test, interfacial strength may be quantified in terms of either the minimum load required for interface disruption or the total integral energy or work expended. In many situations, due to non-uniformity of chemical or morphological conditions over the area of the interface or to non-uniformity of the applied stress in a given test [7], the two criteria are different. The investigator must thus strive to minimize or deal with both of the above complications, i.e. the interfaces studied should be chemically and morphologically uniform, and the stresses applied in the test should be uniform or distributed in way which is quantitatively describable. 

All OCPs are polytropic, parenchymatous poisons, afflicting the central nervous system, liver, kidneys, the heart muscle, the stomach and intestines, and the endocrine system (mostly the adrenal glands, thyroid, and ovaries). Morphological changes in warm-blooded creatures poisoned by OCPs vary from insignificant disruptions in circulation and reversible dystrophy to focal necroses these effects depend on the organism, the dose of OCP, how long the OCP remains active, as well as on other factors [9, 39, 40, A47, A79]. 

An increase in plethora and focal dystrophic changes in the endocrine system matches clinical observations of changes in adrenal and thyroid function, as well as changes in local and general vascular dystonia, all detected in humans poisoned by OCP. Morphological changes in the brain s nerve cells conform to information on the disruption of reflex activity in the early stages of OCP exposure. 

Many of the morphological and biochemical changes that occur in cells that die by necrosis are very different from those that occur in apoptosis. During necrosis cells swell, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum lose their structure and become dysfunctional and the nuclear membrane becomes disrupted (Fig. 35-1). Necrotic death is independent of premitochondrial apoptotic proteins such as Bax, cytochrome c release and caspase activation. Necrosis is further distinguished from apoptosis by the fact that necrosis usually occurs as the result of a traumatic physical injury or stroke and cells die en masse, whereas apoptosis typically occurs in individual cells within a population of surviving neighbors. 

Hofmann N, Hilscher B (1991) Use of aniline blue to assess chromatin condensation in morphologically normal spermatozoa in normal and infertile men. Hum Reprod 6 979-982 Howman EV, Fowler KJ, Newson AJ, Redward S, MacDonald AC, Kalitsis P, Choo KH (2000) Early disruption of centromeric chromatin organization in centromere protein A (Cenpa) null mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97 1148-1153... 

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