Single surface morphology changes

Irie, M., Kobatake S., and Horichi M. Reversible surface morphology changes of a photochromic diarylethene single crystal by photoirradiation- Science 2001, 291, 1769-1772. 

Dynamics of Surface Morphology Changes of Photochromic Single Crystals... 

It was first reported that the topochemical photopolymerization of diolefin crystals gave rise to cracks and deformation [7]. An atomic force microscopic (AFM) study made possible the observation that the photodimerizations of trans-cinnamic acids and anthracenes in the crystalline state induced surface morphological changes at the tens and hundreds of nanometers level by the transportation and rebuilding of the surface molecules [8]. The appearance of a surface relief grating on the single crystal of 4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene was demonstrated by repeated irradiation with two coherent laser beams [9]. 

Surface Morphology Changes in the Salt Crystals of a Diisopropylbenzophenone Derivative with Amines via Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Photocyclization... 

Koshima, H. Yuya, I. and Ojima, N. (2008) Surface morphology changes of a salt crystal of 4-(2,5-diisopropylbenzoyl) benzoic acid with (S)-phenylethylamine via single-crystal-to-single-crystal photocyclization. Cryst. Growth Des., 8, 2058—2060. 

For instance, in our laboratory, we have recently successfully coupled ex situ STM experiments with electrochemical treatment of Pt single crystals, and we have been able to assign certain changes in surface morphology to electrochemical pretreatment [Strmcnik et al., 2008]. 

The morphological changes discussed in Section 15.4.1.2 were obtained for monolayers at assembled states in 2D. In such an assembled state, secondary effects such as generation of 3D collapse are accompanied on the solid surface. This should be ascribed to the limited allowance of lateral diffusion compared to the rate of the photoisomerization process. For observation of intrinsic photoresponse of the monolayer, separation of the polymer chain is highly desired, ideally on a single-chain level. 

Surface nano-morphology changes of photoreactive molecular crystals are an attractive area of research, because the phenomena could potentially be applied to photodriven nanometer-scale devices and provide important information on crystal-line-state reaction mechanisms and dynamics [2a, 21]. As described in Section 25.3.2, the single crystal of lEt, in which the CpEt rings have no reorientation freedom in the crystal, tends to collapse and degrade as the reaction proceeds. This observation for the crystal of lEt can be explained by the local stress induced by the photoreaction that is not suitably released by the crystal lattice. In such a crystal, does the surface morphology of the crystal change ... 

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