Monosaccharides quantitative determinations

Chemical-ionization, mass fragmentography was used for quantitative determination of variously linked monosaccharides in a study of the high-molecular-weight glycopeptide of erythrocytes.75 It appears... 

The quantitative determinations of the monosaccharides ribose and deoxyribose are given in Protocols 1.2.2 and 1.2.3, respectively. The following protocol is useful for all monosaccharides. 

Their main results may be summarized as follows. The periodic acid oxidation of polyols afforded a method for quantitative determination of these compounds, and it was demonstrated that the first reaction products are carbonyl compounds, themselves in turn degraded from their reducing end. After complete oxidation, it is possible to make an estimate of the consumption of oxidant, as well as of the formic acid and formaldehyde that are produced. The monosaccharides are attacked preferentially at the neigh-... 

This was demonstrated using the individual component monosaccharides of HA by measuring their consumption of HOCl [253,254]. Since both HOCl and NaOCl provide a pH-dependent absorption in the UV range, spectrophotometry can be used to assess the HOCl concentration very conveniently [255]. The reaction between HOCl and glucosamine may even be used for the quantitative determination of amino sugars [256]. 

The assignments of H signals then allows the quantitative determination of all forms of monosaccharides in aqueous solution as reproduced in Fig. 4.2.13. The most important hexoses, namely glucose, mannose, and galactose, all occur as pyranoses only. The axial 3-OH group of allose, however, interacts repulsively with the a-OH group on C-1 and thereby overcomes the anomeric effect. The combination of both repulsive effects then also leads to 12% fura-nose. The latter effect is even more pronounced in altrose and ribose (Stod-dart,1971) (Fig. 4.2.13). 

Anumula KR (1994) Quantitative determination of monosaccharides in glycoproteins by high-performance liquid chromatography with highly sensitive fluorescence detection. Analytical Biochemistry 220 275-283. 

Zanetta J-P, Timmerman P, and Leroy Y (1999a) Gas-liquid chromatography of heptafluorobutyrate derivatives of the O-methyl glycosides on capillary columns a method for the quantitative determination of the monosaccharide composition of glycoproteins and glycoli-pids. Glycobiology 9 255-266. 

Saura-Calixto F, Jaime C, Lourdes S (1982) Dietary fiber and components of the nitrogen-free extract of almond kernels. J Sci Food Agric 34 1419-1422 SawardekerJS, Sloneker JH (1965) Quantitative determination of monosaccharides by gas-liquid chromatography. Anal Chem 37 945-947... 

Sawardekar, J. S., Slonekar, J. M. Jeanes, A. (1965). Quantitative determination of monosaccharides as their alditol acetates by gas liquid chromatography. Analytical Chemistry, 37,1602-1604. 

The introduction of g.l.c. for oligosaccharide analysis constituted a major breakthrough in the field. In addition to strategies for accurate and sensitive quantitation of monosaccharide type (19,20), chiral procedures may be adopted for enantiomeric (d and l) determination (21). The sensitivity of h.p.a.e. chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection now provides an alternative to g.l.c. for oligosaccharide compositional analysis (22). 

Isbell and co-workers (51) have tried to minimize the oxygen reaction and to maximize the peroxide reaction. When a large excess of peroxide and a low temperature were maintained, they found that the monosaccharides are converted almost quantitatively to formic and two-carbon acids. Table II presents results for the peroxide oxidation of 14 sugars. The total acid produced from aldo-hexoses under favorable conditions is about six moles, consisting almost entirely of formic acid. Aldopentoses react more rapidly than aldo-hexoses and yield about five moles of formic acid per mole of pentose. Fructose and sorbose yield approximately five moles of total acid of which four moles are formic acid. Glycolic acid was identified qualitatively but not determined quantitatively. L-Rham-nose and L-fucose yield about five moles of acid, including four moles of formic acid. Acetic acid was identified only qualitatively. 

Monosaccharide, aliphatic acids, furan derivatives, and phenolic compound recoveries after posthydrolysis were calculated as the ratio between the concentration determined in the reaction media and the concentration that resulted from the quantitative acid hydrolysis (29) of oligosaccharides into monosaccharides and other compounds. In enzymatic treatments, the concentrations obtained were corrected by subtracting the corresponding concentration in the respective control assays, since the commercial enzymes contain mono-, di-, and oligosaccharides. The dilution factor introduced by adding the dilute enzyme preparation or the different volumes of sulfuric acid in posthydrolysis were also accounted for. 

The qualitative and quantitative analyses of monosaccharide, glycine and ARP were performed on a Waters HPLC-system equipped with a Nucleosil 5-NH2 (aminopropylsilica) HPLC-column using acetonitrile/phosphate-buffer (pH-3 75/25 (v/v)) as eluent. An external standard method was used to determine the mono- saccharide-, glycine-, and the ARP-intermediate concefttrations (reference compounds were available). 

---