Monoethanolamine Ethanolamine

GirhotolAmine Process. This process developed by the Girdler Corporation is similar in operation to the alkali carbonate processes. However, it uses aqueous solutions of an ethanolamine, ie, either mono-, di-, or triethanolamine. The operation of the Girbotol process depends on the reversible nature of the reaction of CO2 with monoetbanolamine [141-43-5] to form monoethanolamine carbonate [21829-52-7]. 

SolubiHty of carbon dioxide in ethanolamines is affected by temperature, amine solution strength, and carbon dioxide partial pressure. Information on the performance of amines is available in the Hterature and from amine manufacturers. Values for the solubiHty of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide mixtures in monoethanolamine and for the solubiHty of carbon dioxide in diethanolamine are given (36,37). SolubiHty of carbon dioxide in monoethanolamine is provided (38). The effects of catalysts have been studied to improve the activity of amines and provide absorption data for carbon dioxide in both mono- and diethanolamine solutions with and without sodium arsenite as a catalyst (39). Absorption kinetics over a range of contact times for carbon dioxide in monoethanolamine have also been investigated (40). 

The relative ratios of the ethanolamines produced depend principally on the ethylene oxide/ammonia ratio. A low EO/NH3 ratio increases monoethanolamine yield. Increasing this ratio increases the yield of di-and triethanolamines. Table 7-1 shows the weight ratios of ethanolamines as a function of the mole ratios of the reactants. ... 

Monoethanolamine (MEA), ethanolamine (ETA) 2-aminoethanol 2-hydroxyethylamine Nt CPLjCHjOH. MW = 61.1. Sp. gr. = 1.012. Flash point 93 °C. Also used as an absorbent for acidic gases in petrochemical operations. A breakdown product of morpholine and so is often found in secondary steam cycles systems. Thought to be superior to morpholine. Available as a 99+% alkylamine, commodity product, from several international manufacturers, including BP Chemicals PLC, Union Carbide, and Texaco Corporation. Commonly available through chemical distributors. 

In case (1), the reaction is used for the removal of an undesirable substance from a gas stream. In this sense, the process is commonly referred to as gas absorption with reaction. Examples are removal of H2S or CO, from a gas stream by contact with an ethanolamine (e g., monoethanolamine (MEA) or diethanolamine (DEA)) in aqueous... 

Synonyms AI3-24219 2-Aminoethanol p-Aminoethyl alcohol BRN 0505944 Caswell No. 426 CCRIS 6260 Colamine EINECS 205-483-3 EPA pesticide chemicai code 011601 P-Ethanolamine Ethylolamine Glycinol 2-Hydroxyethylamine p-Hydroxyethylamine MEA Monoethanolamine Olamine Thiofalco M-50 UN 2491 USAF EK-1597. 

Worldwide production of ethanolamines in 1985 was approximately (thousand tonnes per year) United States, 220 western Europe, 145 south-east Asia, 40 South America, 18 eastern Europe, 4. About 50% of world production of ethanolamines in 1985 was monoethanolamine, 30-35% diethanolamine and 15-20% triethanolamine (Hammer et al, 1987). Estimated annual production of diethanolamine in the United States is presented in Table 1. 

In 1981, triethanolamine was reported to be an ingredient (generally at a concentration of less than or equal to 5%) in 2720 out of 22 572 cosmetic products which may be applied to or come into contact with skin, eyes, hair, nails, mucous membrane and respiratory epithelium. Small amounts may be ingested from lipsticks. Product formulations containing also monoethanolamine (triethanolamine-ethanolamine) may be in contact with the skin for variable periods of time following each application. Daily or occasional use may extend over many years (Beyer et al., 1983). 

Solvents used for hydrogen sulfide absorption include aqueous solutions of ethanolamine (monoethanolamine, MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and diisopropanolamine (DIPA) among others ... 

Ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, or butylene oxide react with ammonia to produce alkanolamines. The more popular ethanolamines [NH3 h(C2H4OH)h, where n = 1,2,3 monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine], are derived from the reaction of ammonia with ethylene oxide. 

Higher ammonia-ethylene oxide ratios favor high yields of diethanolamine and triethanolamine, whereas lower ratios are used where maximum production of monoethanolamine is desired. The reaction is noncatalytic. The pressure is moderate, just sufficient to prevent vaporization of components in the reactor. The bulk of the water produced in the reaction is removed by subsequent evaporation. The dehydrated ethanolamines then proceed to a further drying column, after which they are separated in a series of fractionating columns, not difficult because of the comparatively wide separation of their boiling points. 

Their odors are ammoniacal to varying degrees, with monoethanolamine being the most marked. The ethanolamines are hygroscopic and miscible with water, most alcohols, and polyols. They and their aqueous solutions are alkaline. Being bifunctional, ethanolamines react with acids to form esters or salts, and most of their industrial applications are dependent to some degree on these features. 

In the United States in 1999, ethylene oxide consumed in the production of ethanolamines totaled approximately 900 million lb. Approximately 300 million lb went into each of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine. 

Monoethanolamine is also used to produce a variety of salts with therapeutic uses. For example, a salt of monoethanolamine with vitamin C is used for intramuscular injection, while the salicylate and undecenoate monoethanolamine salts are utilized respectively in the treatment of rheumatism and as an antifungal agent. However, the most common therapeutic use of monoethanolamine is in the production of ethanolamine oleate injection, which is used as a sclerosing agent. ... 

Monoethanolamine contains both a hydroxy group and a primary amine group and will thus rmdergo reactions characteristic of both alcohols and amines. Ethanolamines will react with acids to form salts and esters. Discoloration and precipitation will take place in the presence of salts of heavy metals. Monoethanolamine reacts with acids, acid anhydtides, acid chlorides, and esters to form amide derivatives, and with propylene carbonate or other cyclic carbonates to give the corresponding carbonates. 

Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Numbers Ethanolamine (CAS 141-43-5) Diethanolamine (CAS 111-42-2) Triethanolamine (CAS 102-71-6) Synonyms Monoethanolamine, 2-Aminoethanol Diethanolamine, 2,2 -Iminodiethanol Triethanolamine, 2,2, 2"-Nitrilotriethanol Chemical/Pharmaceutical/Other Class Alcohol amines... 

The uses and relatively low vapor pressures of di- (0.00473 Torr, 0.63 Pa) and tri- (0.00018 Torr, 0.0239 Pa) ethanolamines result in primarily dermal exposure of humans. However, the somewhat higher vapor pressure of monoethanolamine (0.75 Torr, 100 Pa) indicates the potential added exposure for this ethanolamine via inhalation. The inhalation of any of the ethanolamines may also occur when respirable aerosols are generated during the use of consumer products or in occupational settings. 

No reports of significant acute toxic responses to the ethanolamines were noted however, it would be expected that severe skin and eye irritation could result from contact with concentrated monoethanolamine and, to a much lesser extent, diethanolamine. 

The mixtures of sucrose - triethanolamine, usually of 1-1.5/1 (sucrose/triethanolamine) [9] are very stirrable mixtures, at the propoxylation temperature, and are frequently used in practice. Triethanolamine can be replaced by diethanolamine, monoethanolamine and even by ammonia [59]. The triol is formed in situ by the reaction of ammonia or primary or secondary ethanolamines with PO. The polyols based on sucrose - triethanolamine (Table 13.6) are frequently used to make rigid PU foams for thermoinsulation of freezers. The mixtures of sucrose - sorbitol lead easily to high functionality polyols, sorbitol having an excellent solvating capability for solid sucrose. 

Piperazine is obtained with a yield up to 60% based on the decomposed ethanolamine when the initial substance reacts practically quantitatively, the composition of products is complicated. The optimal conditions for obtaining the piperazine proved to be the following 200°, 220-270 atm the ratio of monoethanolamine to ammonia is 1 2.5. The course of the reaction may be illustrated by Fig. 28. Ethylenedia-mine and diethylenetriamine are formed. 

Synonyms 2-Ami noethanol 2-Ami noethyl alcohol p-Aminoethyl alcohol p-Ethanolamine Ethylolamine Glycinol 2-Hydroxyethylamine p-Hydroxyethylamine MEA MELA Monoethanolamine Classification Aliphatic amino alcohol alkanolamine Empirical C2H7NO Formula NH2CH2CH2OH Properties Colorless clear mod. vise, liq. ammoniacal odor misc. with water, alcohol, acetone, glycerin sol. in chloroform si. sol. in benzene m.w. 61.10 dens. 1.012 vapor pressure 0.26 mm Hg m.p. 10.5 C b.p. 170 C flash pt. 93 C autoignition temp. 410 C ref. index 1.4540 pH 12.1 surf. tens. 48.89 dynes/cm dielec, const. 37.72... 

Ethanolamine borate. See MEA-borate Ethanolamine chloride. See Ethanolamine HCI Ethanolamine dithiodiglycolate Synonyms Monoethanolamine dithiodiglycolate... 

CAS 2002-24-6 EINECS/ELINCS 217-900-6 Synonyms 2-Ami noethanol hydrochloride P-Aminoethanol hydrochloride Colamine hydrochloride Ethanolamine chloride Ethanolamine hydrochloride Ethanol, 2-amino-, hydrochloride MEA hydrochloride Monoethanolamine hydrochloride Classification Organic salt Empirical C2H7NO CIH Formula HOCH2CH2NH2 HCI Properties Wh. cryst. powd. m.w. 97.56 m.p. 84-86 C... 

Ethanolamine sulfate Ethanolamine o-sulfate. See Aminoethyl sulfate Ethanolamine thioglycolate CAS 126-97-6 EINECS/ELINCS 204-815-4 Synonyms Acetic acid, mercapto-, compd. with 2-ami noethanol (1 1) Ethanolamine thioglycollate (2-Hydroxyethyl) ammonium mercaptoacetate Mercaptoacetic acid, compd. with 2-aminoethanol (1 1) Monoethanolamine thioglycolate Empirical C4H11NO3S Formula HS-CH2COONH3CH2CH2OH Properties M.w. 153.20 dens. 1.23 kg/l (20 C) pH 9.8... 

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