Monocyte chemoattractant peptide

Berman JW, Guida MP, Wanen J, Amat J, Brosnan CF (1996) Localization of monocyte chemoattractant peptide-1 expression in the central nerwous system in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and trauma in the rat. J Immunol 156 3017—3023. 

Alam, R., Kumar, D., Anderson-Walters, D., and Forsythe, P. A. (1994). Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha and monocyte chemoattractant peptide-1 elicit immediate and late cutaneous reactions and activate murine mast cells in vivo. J. Immunol. 152, 1298-1303. 

Review] [67 refs]. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 7 719-723 Bodnar RJ (2007) Endogenous opiates and behavior 2006. Peptides 28 2435-2513 Boekhoudt GH, Guo Z, Beresford GW, Boss JM (2003) Communication between NF-kappa B and Spl controls histone acetylation within the proximal promoter of the monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 gene. J Immunol 170 4139-4147... 

Luo Y, Berman MA, Abromson-Leeman SR, Dorf ME (2003) Tumor necrosis factor is required for RANTES-induced astrocyte monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production. Glia 43 119-127 Machelska H, Stein C (2006) Leukocyte-derived opioid peptides and inhibition of pain. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 1 90-97... 

Villiger PM, Terkeltaub R, Lotz M. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression in human articular cartilage. Induction by peptide regulatory factors and differential effects of dexamethasone and retinoic acid. J Clin Invest 1992 90(2) 488 196. 

Incubation times of 0.5-1 h are required for detection of mRNA levels (which return to base-line levels by 24 h), and incubation times in excess of 4 h are needed before protein secretion is detected. This transient expression of IL-8 is in contrast to the pattern of production by monocytes, epithelial cells and fibroblasts, which show expression that persists for up to 24 h after stimulation. IL-8 (and related NAP-like peptides) is a powerful neutrophil chemoattractant and, in combination with cytochalasin B, can induce degranulation and activation of the respiratory burst ( 3.5.5). 

In this chimeric peptide construct the aim was to combine the carrier function and immunstimulatory activity of tuftsin derivatives with an epitope derived from HSV gD to achieve an increased antibody response. Tuftsin is a well-known natural tetrapeptide (TKPR) that has a pronounced effect on the immune system (28,29). Polymerized tuftsin (polytuftsin) is also considered as a carrier molecule that increased antibody levels against attached epitopes in mice (30,31). New, sequential oligopeptides based on repeated tuftsin derivatives (H-[Thr-Lys-Pro-Lys-Gly]n-NH2, where n = 2,4,6,8) were developed in our laboratory to eliminate the drawbacks of tuftsin derivatives produced by polymerization. These new, nontoxic, nonimmunogenic compounds have immunostimulatory activity and a minor chemoattractant effect on monocytes (32). An oligotuftsin derivative was used in this study for the synthesis of a peptide chimera containing an HSV peptide epitope. 

Secretoneurin (SN), a 33-peptide derived from secretogranin II (chromogranin C, chromogranins). SN is widely distributed throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems. Known functions of SN include chemotaxis of monocytes and endothelial cells, and inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation. In addition, SN is a potent chemoattractant for human eosinophils. Since it can be co-released with substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide from sensory afferent c-fibers by capsaicin, it might represent another member of the group of inflammatory neuropeptides [R. Kirchmair et al., Neuroscience 1993, 53, 359 S. Dunzendorfer et al., Blood 1998, 91, 1527 C. J. Wiedermann, Peptides 2000, 21, 1289]. 

Christophe, T, Karlsson, A., Dugave, C., Rabiet, M.-J., Boulay, F. and Dahlgren, C. (2001). The synthetic peptide (Trp-Lys-Tyr-Met-Vd-Met-NHj) specifically activated neutrophils through FPRLl/lipoxin A4 receptors and is an agonist for the orphan monocyte-expressed chemoattractant receptor FPRL2./. Biol. Chem. 276, 21585-21593. 

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