Molecular expression

Within the framework of Monte Carlo simulations, the relation between measurable quantities and the microscopic structure of confined phases can now be examined. An example of such a measurable quantity is the solvation force F h)/2 KR (see Sec. IIA 1). From a theoretical perspective and according to the discussion in Sec. IIA 3 its investigation requires the stress T zisz) exerted normally by a confined fluid on planar substrates [see Eqs. (19) and (22)]. Using Eqs. (11) and (53) one can derive a molecular expression for Tzz from... 

Rowland, M., Warhurst, G., Molecular expression polyspecific drug transporters in human intestine, J. Physiol. 1999, 517P, 53P. 

Let us make some connections to the results which came from the previous model development. First, if we compare (3.19)-(3.22) with (3.11)-(3.15), a natural identification of the solvent coordinate s in Sec. 3 is in fact just the fluctuating force SF on x at the transition state. (Note especially that this choice associates the solvent coordinate with a direct measure of the relevant solute-solvent interaction.) The solvent mass, force constant and frequencies in Sec. 3 would then be given molecular expressions via (3.19)-(3.21), while the solvent friction i (t) of Sec. 3 would be the friction per mass for Sf (3.22),... 

Margoliash, E., Fitch, W. M., Dickerson, R. E. Molecular expression of evolutionary phenomena in the primary and tertiary structures of cytochrome c. Brookhaven Symp. Biol. 21, 259 (1968). 

Wu YM, Tang J, Zhao P et al (2009) Morphological changes and molecular expressions of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in three-dimensional culture model. Exp Mol Pathol 87 133-140... 

Nagano, I., Pei, F., Wu, Z., Wu, J., Cui, H., Boonmars, T. and Takahashi, Y. (2004) Molecular expression of a cysteine proteinase of Clonorchis sinensis and its application to an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunodiagnosis of clonorchiasis. Clinical, Diagnostic and Laboratory Immunology 11, 411 f16. 

B. Herman, M.J. Parry-Hill, I.D. Johnson, M.W. Davidson, Molecular Expressions Microscopy Primer - Photobleaching - Interactive Java Tutorials (2006)... 

Brenner, M., Dunlay, T., Davidson, M. (n.d.). Fluorescence in situ hybridization Hardware and software implications in the research laboratory. Retrieved October 7, 2008, from Molecular Expressions Microscopy Primer Web site http //www.microscopyu.com/articles/ fluoresce nce/insitu/brenne rinsitu.html... 

Thus the use of the exact molecular expression for y in the verification of the adsorption equation automatically yields the molecular formula for Es. 

The close interrelations among mass, momentum, and energy transport can be explained in terms of a molecular theory of monatomic gases at low density. The continuity, motion, and energy equations can all be derived from the Boltzmann equation for the velocity distribution function, from which the molecular expressions for the flows and transport properties are produced. Similar derivations are also available for polyatomic gases, monatomic liquids, and polymeric liquids. For monatomic liquids, the expressions for the momentum and heat flows include contributions associated with forces between two molecules. For polymers, additional forces within the polymer chain should be taken into account. 

Cover Photo by Karl E. Deckart/Molecular Expressions. 1995-2003 by Michael W. Davidson and the Florida State University. 

Figure 31.4. Time coui se of cellular and molecular acdvadon folowing stioke. Diagrammadc representadon of die dme course of cellular acdvadori (PNL, polymorphonuclear leukocytes M(j), macrophages) and inflammatory molecular expression (GM, granulocyte and monocyte coloriy-sdmuladng factor ICAM, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 VCAM, soluble vascular- cell adliesiori molecule-1 TNF-a, tumor necrosis factor a IL-1(5, interleukin 1(5 IL-6, interleukin 6 IL-8, interleukin 8 IL-10, interleukin 10) in human brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood after sUoke. Reproduced from Nilupul Perera M, Ma HK, Arakawa S, Howells DW, Markus R, Rowe CC, Donnan GA (2006). InPammation following stroke. J Clin Neurosci, 13 1-8 (with permission from Elsevier).

To clarify the inhibitory effects of these flavonoids from Scutellariae radix on adjuvant-induced arthritis, we further examined the effects of these flavonoids on leukotriene synthesis and adhesion molecular expression in neutrophils and vein endothelial cells. Baicalein inhibited the biosynthesis of LTs B4 and C4 in human leukocytes most strongly... 

Samyn-Petit B, Krzewinski-Recchi MA, Stee-lant WF, Delannoy P, Harduin-Lepers A (2000) Molecular cloning and functional expression of human ST6GalNAc II Molecular expression in various human cultured cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1474 201-211... 

The ability to focus molecular expression analysis on only a limited number of cell types depends on cell separation methods that minimize the opportunity for other cell types to contribute to gene expression in situ. Even the most carefully gathered biological samples contain many cell types, especially if the sample is from inflamed or necrotic tissue. More homogeneous samples are provided by laser capture microdissection (LCM), a method that isolates individual cells or sections of tissue from a fixed sample [144-148]. The use of LCM minimizes contributions by nontarget cell populations in comparisons of diseased and normal tissues, but also introduces handling and preparation steps that can affect detection accuracy. 

Figure 5.4 Bioinformatics challenges and biological complexity. The focus of bioinformatics (red) in interpreting molecular expression data depends on the level of biological complexity (blue)—here shown progressing from genes/proteins/metabolites to networks and systems. For toxicology/pathology the focus is on phenotypic anchors— observed biological responses that can be related to the chemical structure of the test agent or exposure.

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