Gene expression molecular control

The performance of a biotreatment system ultimately depends on optimization of the activity of microbes and the ability to control the process parameters of the treatment system [157]. In this respect, the ability to monitor gene copy numbers and gene expression is highly useful for real time optimization of the efficiency of a biotreatment system. Advanced molecular techniques as well as low cost methods (e.g., antibody detection of enzymes based on color reaction strips fluorescence i.e., GFP marked organisms with UV light detection) can also be applied to monitor the microbial community structure, persistence of the added bacteria, and their interactions with indigenous populations. 

Acetylation is a reversible modification on proteins that can also contribute to protein localization and function. Acetylation of lysine residues in histone proteins can control the secondary structure of chromatin as well as gene expression levels from certain loci, and chromatin remodeling and its consequences in a variety of molecular and cell biological questions are intensely researched. Many other proteins undergo reversible acetylation, and the functional consequences of these modifications are poorly understood in many cases. 

Molecular complexation is a precondition for receptor functions such as substrate selection, substrate transportation, isomeric differentiation, and stereoselective catalysis. Although the investigation of such functions with synthetically derived compounds is a relatively new development in chemistry, they are well known and extensively studied functions in the biological domain. Evolution, gene expression, cell division, DNA replication, protein synthesis, immunological response, hormonal control, ion transportation, and enzymic catalysis are only some of the many examples where molecular complexation is a prerequisite for observing a biological process. 

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