Molecular biology enzyme tools

In conclusion, molecularly imprinted polymers and related materials have every potential to become popular tools in analytical chemistry, catalysis, and sensor technology. Obviously this will require further research, especially in the problem areas of MI mentioned above. Nevertheless, the author of this contribution fully expects that in the near future MIP will become real competitors for biological enzymes or antibodies, and thus will have a major impact on the whole area of biotechnology. 

It is also important to note that molecular biology, while it is a very powerful tool, is probably most effective in industrial process development when used in conjunction with other techniques such as enzyme formulation, immobilization and appropriate process design engineering. ... 

Enzymes, the hammer, the saw, the glue, briefly the tools of biocatalysis are by the Enzyme Commission, International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, which is a subdivision of the Federation of Biochemistry, divided into 6 classes according to the chemical reactions they catalyse (lUBMB, 1992). The six classes are ... 

Two different isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2, encoded by two genes have been cloned and sequenced (Table 1 Funk et al., 1991 Kujubu et al., 1991 Hla and Neilson, 1992 O Banion et al., 1992). The cloning of the two isoforms led to further characterization of the enzymes by means of a whole range of molecular biology tools from experiments using knock-out mice (Dinchuk et al., 1995 Langenbach et al., 1995 Morham et al., 1995) to protein structure determination (Picot et al., 1994 Kiefer et al., 2000). 

While the site of synthesis and the metabolic pathways of hydrocarbon formation are known with some certainty for insects, our understanding of their regulation and the genes/ enzymes involved is in its infancy. The powerful tools of molecular biology are beginning to be applied to these systems (Chapter 4), and the next few decades should see giant leaps forward in our understanding of hydrocarbon formation. 

The most dramatic advances, without doubt, have been in protein biochemistry. The genetic basis of lipoprotein disorders is being probed with the tools of molecular biology, proteins concerned with lipoprotein metabolism are being characterized with structural and physiological studies, lipoprotein receptors are being fully characterized, and competitive inhibitors of the rate-limiting enzyme for cholesterol synthesis, HMG-CoA reductase, have been produced. 

Artificial Restriction Enzymes As Tools For Future Molecular Biology and Biotechnology... 

This chapter describes artificial enzymes that can hydrolyze DNA at the target-site with desired site-specificity [1], With these totally man-made tools (artificial restriction enzymes), even huge DNA can be cut at a predetermined position and used for the preparation of recombinant DNA. This manipulation is hardly accomplishable as long as only naturally occurring restriction enzymes are used. Hopefully, these tools will open the way to new molecular biology and biotechnology in which the DNA of higher animals and plants can be manipulated. 

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