Biological enzymes

MIP is made with a high amount of cross-linker. This leads to rather rigid polymers, which do not allow for an induced-fit , as is typical for many biological enzymes. 

In conclusion, molecularly imprinted polymers and related materials have every potential to become popular tools in analytical chemistry, catalysis, and sensor technology. Obviously this will require further research, especially in the problem areas of MI mentioned above. Nevertheless, the author of this contribution fully expects that in the near future MIP will become real competitors for biological enzymes or antibodies, and thus will have a major impact on the whole area of biotechnology. 

Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Enzyme Nomenclature 1992 , Academic Press, San Diego, USA, 1992. For updates, see http //www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/. 

C. G. M. Jordan, How an Increase in the Carbon Chain Length of the Ester Moiety Affects the Stability of a Homologous Series of Oxprenolol Esters in the Presence of Biological Enzymes , J. Pharm. Sci. 1998, 87, 880-885. 

Madison, W1 53711 Molecular biology enzymes and labeling kits... 

Biological enzymes are a key inspiration for and the archetypal example of supramolecular catalysis. 

Over the next few years, functional imaging has the potential to completely revolutionize our understanding of the mind. Twentieth-century chemistry and physics transformed biology into molecular biology enzymes and proteins became understood as big molecules instead of black boxes, and the molecular basis of life processes was developed. Scientists are now on the threshold of acquiring this same level of understanding of processes in cells and organs. 

The explanation for biological enzyme conduction in enzyme oxidore-ductases is not yet known, and could be an electron or proton transfer. However, there is no doubt that there is charge transfer from the cathodic to the anodic points. 

A very important class of catalysts found in nature is comprised of biological enzymes, compounds which act as classical catalysts, in that they are unchanged by the reactions they assist, and make important life-sustaining... 

When most biological enzymes are heated, they lose their catalytic activity. The change... 

Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Enzyme Nomenclature. 1992. Academic Press New York. 

EC nomenclature for enzymes A classification of ENZYMES according to the Enzyme Commission of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Enzymes are allocated four numbers, the first of which defines the type of reaction catalyzed the next two define the substrates, and the fourth is a catalogue number. Categories of enzymes are EC 1, oxidoreduc-tases EC 2, transferases EC 3, hydrolases EC 4, lyases EC 5, isomerases EC 6, ligases (Synthetases). 

Biological enzymes are well known to carry out epoxidation. For example, MMO is an efficient and selective catalyst for epoxidation of small terminal olefins such as ethylene, propylene, and 1-butene [246,247]. Lipases have been used to generate peroxoacids which in turn are used for epoxidation reactions [248,249]. The subject has been reviewed [250]. Biocatalytic systems are of interest not only because they can carry out enantioselective epoxidation of substrates, but also because they offer the exciting possibility of being engineered for specific transformations of nonnatural reagents. 

There are no fundamental differences between chemical catalysts and biological enzyme catalysts. Enzymes accelerate the rates of chemical reaction without being changed in the overall transformation they reduce the activation energies of chemical... 

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