Molecular Biology Tools

The production of therapeutic proteins in mammalian cells requires the expression of product-specific genes in the host cell line. The dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and the glutamine synthetase (GS) expression vector systems are most 

---

The study of the biosynthesis of vitamin B 2 is a saga whose resolution, due primarily to Battersby (80—83) and Scott (84,85), requited an effort on the same magnitude as the total synthesis. It was only when recent molecular biology tools became available to complement en2ymology, isotopic labeling, chemical synthesis, and spectroscopy that solution of this problem became possible. 

The only answers that we can advance with confidence now are that the short-term syndrome probably reflects postsynaptic level effects. We use the term downstream to denote the remoteness in both space and time of the long-term effects and recognize that they will be much more difficult to track because we don t know exactly where to look for their mediating mechanisms. However, it seems probable that we will need molecular biological tools to identify these fascinating, powerful, and problematic processes. 

Two different isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2, encoded by two genes have been cloned and sequenced (Table 1 Funk et al., 1991 Kujubu et al., 1991 Hla and Neilson, 1992 O Banion et al., 1992). The cloning of the two isoforms led to further characterization of the enzymes by means of a whole range of molecular biology tools from experiments using knock-out mice (Dinchuk et al., 1995 Langenbach et al., 1995 Morham et al., 1995) to protein structure determination (Picot et al., 1994 Kiefer et al., 2000). 

When molecular biology tools are being used there are six basic steps for obtaining recombinant proteins ... 

Antibiotic ability to degrade or modify substrate commonly used molecular biology tool Chakraborty, 1995... 

The mentioned examples further demonstrate the advantages of working with a host where robust molecular biology tools allow custom-tailed expression of the... 

Molecular Biological Tools for Probing the Use of Nitrogenous Compounds for Cellular Energy... 

---