Modeling framework

J. L. Kardos, M. P. Dudukovic, E. L. McKague, and M. W. Lehman, Hoid Formation and Transport during Composite Eaminate Processing An Initial Model Framework, STP 797, ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa., 1983, pp. 96—109. 

Several researchers (for instance, Morgan Morrison, 1999) have recognised that there is no such thing as a unique way to produce models. However, other researchers have discussed the general steps by which they are produeed (Clement, 1990 Halloun, 2004). Justi Gilbert (2002) have produced a Model of Modelling framework (Fig. 12.1). 

From the Model of Modelling framework and knowledge of stndents difficulties in learning chemical eqnilibrinm, we developed a modelling-based teaching sequence for this theme (Ferreira Jnsti, 2005). The seqnence provides students with opportuiuties to bnild, test and rebnild models in order to explain the occurrence of a given chemical reaction, the reversibility of that chemical reaction, the establishment of a chemical eqnilibrium in the system under stndy and the behavionr of the system when the eqnilibrinm is changed. The stndents were not directly introduced... 

One of the important elements of the Model of Modelling framework is the consideration of the snbject s previous ideas as one of the experiences needed to support the proposition of the mental model. In this teaching situation, students previous ideas, mainly those related to the kinetic particle model, were essential to the inclusion of fundamental attributes in their models (e.g., the dynamicity of the chemical transformation). 

The best modeling framework for R D options is, however, more contentious. The famous, or infamous, Black-Scholes formula [8], based on valuation of traded hnancial options, has in our view impeded the practical use of decision analysis methods by scientihc managers ... 

Mekenyan OG, Dimitrov SD, Pavlov TS, Veith GD. A systematic approach to simulating metabolism in computational toxicology. I. The TIMES heuristic modelling framework. Curr Pharm Des 2004 10 1273-93. 

Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a micro-channel of reformer section to be examined in this study. A multi-physics computer-aided numerical model framework integrating kinetics, mass transport, and flow dynamics in micro-channel reactors has been established. 

In this study the problem of estimating an unknown function from its examples is revisited. Its mathematical description is attempted to map as closely as possible the practical problem that the potential NN user has to face. The objective of the chapter is twofold (1) to draw the framework in which NN solutions to the problem can be developed and studied, and (2) to show how careful considerations on the fundamental issues naturally lead to the Wave-Net solution. The analysis will not only attempt to justify the development of the Wave-Net, but will also refine its operational characteristics. The motivation for studying the functional estimation problem is the derivation of a modeling framework suitable for process control. The applicability of the derived solution, however, is not limited to control implementations. 

J. Vuorinem and J. Turunen, A three step procedure for assessing bioequivalence in the general mixed model framework, Stat. Med., 15, 2635 (1996). 

Fig. 6 Environmental compartments and contaminant fate processes in region i of the BETR linked regional model framework as described by MacLeod et al. [64]...

Cohen Y, Cooter EJ (2002) Multimedia environmental distribution of toxics (Mend-Tox). I. Hybrid compartmental-spatial modeling framework. Pract Periodical Hazard Toxic Radioactive Waste Manag 6(2) 70-86... 

Two of the most comprehensive discussions of these models were presented by Min and Ray (5) and by Poehlein and Dougherty (6). Min and Ray (5) gave a very general model framework which should be capable of modelling most emulsion polymerization systems. Of course, decisions must be made on the relative importance of the various phenomena occurring in a particular system. Other, more recent efforts on the modelling of emulsion reactors include the ones of Table I. Further details can also be found in (30). 

The development of the differential equations which describe the evolution of particle size and molecular weight properties during the course of the polymerization is based on the so-called "population balance" approach, a quite general model framework which will be described shortly. Symbols which will be used in the subsections to follow are all defined in the nomenclature. 

A valid mechanistic model can be very useful, not only in that it can appreciably add to our process understanding, but also in that it can be successfully employed in many aspects of emulsion polymerization reactor technology, ranging from latex reactor simulation to on-line state estimation and control. A general model framework has been presented and then it was shown how it can be applied in a few of these areas. The model, being very flexible and readily expandable, was further extended to cover several monomer and comonomer systems, in an effort to illustrate some of its capabilities. 

Bowie, G.L. and T.M. Grieb. 1991. A model framework for assessing the effects of selenium on aquatic ecosystems. Water Air Soil Pollut. 57-58 13-22. 

The case study does not fit into the general modeling frameworks. 

The specific problem characteristics are modeled most appropriately by a combination of concepts from various general modeling frameworks leading to a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model. 

Some of the same patterns of relationships and constraints crop up frequently in modeling and design. In a package separate from our project-specific models, we can define a generic modeling framework for resource allocation it acts as a macro-like template that can be applied in many places. A template can contain any of the modeling constructs in the form of both diagrams and text. Additionally, any name can be written as a placeholder which will be substituted when it is applied to a model."... 

Chapter 9, Model Frameworks and Template Packages, describes how frameworks are defined in Catalysis and shows how frameworks provide an enormous degree of extensibility to a modeling language. 

Chapter 9, Model Frameworks and Template Packages, shows how recurring patterns of types, collaborations, and refinement can be captured using the idea of a framework a template package. The resulting model can then be used as a skeletal model that is applied with various specializations to different problems. Frameworks enable you to define new modeling constructs. 

Do not lose sight of the domain terms even in your code. Use refinement to maintain trace-ability even as your code becomes more decoupled and reusable. Wherever possible, recast the problem domain descriptions themselves using these orthogonal and more abstract views remember, you are actively constructing a model of reality and not passively discovering it. Use frameworks (see Chapter 9, Model Frameworks and Template Packages) to explicitly document the mapping from domain terms to terms and roles in the abstract problem descriptions. 

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