Adoption and Use of Modeling Framework

Adoption and Use of Modeling Framework The rate of diffusion and species generation by chemical reaction can be described by film theory, penetration theory, or a combination of the two. The most popular description is in terms of a two-film theory, which is... 

The development and application of a rigorous model for a chemically reactive system typically involves four steps (1) development of a thermodynamic model to describe the physical and chemical equilibrium (2) adoption and use of a modeling framework to describe the mass transfer and chemical reactions (3) parameterization of the mass-transfer and kinetic models based upon laboratory, pilot-plant, or commercial-plant data and (4) use of the integrated model to optimize the process and perform equipment design. 

The use of a model of human error allows a systematic approach to be adopted to the prediction of human failures in CPI operations. Although there are difficulties associated with predicting the precise forms of mistakes, as opposed to slips, the cognitive approach provides a framework which can be used as part of a comprehensive qualitative assessment of failure modes. This can be used during design to eliminate potential error inducing conditions. It also has applications in the context of CPQRA methods, where a comprehensive qualitative analysis is an essential precursor of quantification. The links between these approaches and CPQRA will be discussed in Chapter 5. 

In order to avoid confusion, however, we would prefer to consider the adoption of a model as one of the components of a simulation. That is, we will adopt the following scheme A simulation is performed, within the framework of a theory, for a chosen model, the calculations being carried out by a given method, with those approximations that may be required for practical reasons and using the appropriate numerical techniques. 

A promotional model to be used as a framework for the marketing of VAM was developed to address the issues outlined above (see Fig. 1). Development of the model also took place alongside a quantitative telemarketing survey conducted amongst identified decision makers in industry. The objectives of the survey were to identify potential barriers to adoption of VAM identify the communication objectives and key messages benchmark the overall awareness of VAM. 

The existence of such ratios can be explained by the models chemists use of the structure of matter at the submicroscopic level, and indeed is part of the reason chemists initially adopted such ideas in an instrumental way that is, as ideas that worked as useful tools for thinking about chemistry, but which might not reflect an underlying reality. Over many years these ideas were found to provide a core set of models that could provide rmifying frameworks for making sense of chemistry Today most chemists consider molecules, atoms, protons, electrons and so forth to be real objects but it is important to remember that these ideas are a set of theoretical models, even if a very useftil and successful one. I am not suggesting these entities do not exist, but that our scientific models of these entities are subde and still being developed, and the mental models that most of us have of them are at best partial and approximate versions of the best descriptions science can currently offer. 

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