Mixing mechanisms pastes

Conventional mechanical mixers are batch type. The paste viscosity will rise at the beginning of paste mixing, but will then gradually decrease. Mixing of paste... 

Over the past decades, advances have been made that reduce environmental impacts of coal burning in large plants. Some arc standard and others experimental. Limestone (mainly calcium carbonate) scrubber smokestacks react with the emitted sulfates from the combustion and contain the chemical products, thereby reducing the release of SO., into the atmosphere by a large factor (of ten or more). Pulverization of coal can also allow for the mechanical separation of some sulfur impurities, notably those in the form of pyrites, prior to combustion. Currently deployed—with more advanced versions in the development stage—are various t yies of fluidized bed reactors, which use coal fuel in a pulverized form, mixed with pulverized limestone or dolomite in a high temperature furnace. This technique reduces sulfate release considerably. There are... 

It is well established, that the poor selectivity of tin-oxide sensors can partly be overcome by adding catalysts to the sensitive layer. Most common additives are noble metals like gold (Au), platinum (Pt) or palladium (Pd). They can be mixed with the tin oxide during paste formation before deposition. The influence of dopants on the gas sensor response is still subject to debates. The two most established mechanisms are the spill-over and the Fermi-level mechanism [82]. 

Liver injury is clinically defined as an increase of serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) levels of more than three times the upper limit of normal and a total bilirubin level of more than twice the upper limit of normal [4]. The clinical patterns of liver injury can be characterized as hepatocellular (with a predominant initial elevation of ALT), cholestatic (with an initial elevation of alkaline phosphatase) or mixed. The mechanisms of drug-induced hepatotoxicity include excessive generation of reactive metabolites, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inhibition of bile salt efflux protein [5]. Better understandings of these mechanisms in the past decades led to the development of assays and models suitable for studying such toxic mechanisms and for selecting better leads in the drug discovery stage. 

Convection involves the transfer of heat by means of a fluid, including gases and liquids. Typically, convection describes heat transfer from a solid surface to an adjacent fluid, but it can also describe the bulk movement of fluid and the associate transport of heat energy, as in the case of a hot, rising gas. Recall that there are two general types of convection forced convection and natural (free) convection. In the former, fluid is forced past an object by mechanical means, such as a pump or a fan, whereas the latter describes the free motion of fluid elements due primarily to density differences. It is common for both types of convection to occur simultaneously in what is termed mixed convection. In such instance, a modified form of Fourier s Law is applied, called Newton s Law of Cooling, where the thermal conductivity is replaced with what is called the heat transfer coefficient, h ... 

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