Mitogen-activated protein kinase MAPK signaling

The A3 Receptor and the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) Signal Transduction Cascade... 

HIF-la expression and activity are also regulated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathways (Zhong et al. 2000 Semenza 2002). 

A recently identified thyroid hormone cell surface receptor on the extracellular domain of integrin alphaVbeta (3) leads to the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction cascade in human cell lines, Examples of MAPK-dependent thyroid hormone actions are plasma membrane ion pump stimulation and specific nuclear events, These events include serine phosphorylation of the nuclear thyroid hormone receptor, leading to co-activator protein recruitment and complex tissue responses, such as thyroid hormone-induced angiogenesis, The existence of this cell surface receptor means that the activity of the administered hormone could be limited through structural modification of the molecule to reproduce only those hormone actions initiated at the cell surface (8,9). 

Nickischer, D. et al. 2006. Development and implementation of three mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway imaging assays to provide MAPK module selectivity profiling for kinase inhibitors. Meth. Enzymol. 414, 389 118. 

FIGURE 2 0-5 Activation of PLC-e by heterotrimeric (Gal2/i3, GI(Vy, GJ and small G protein (Ras, Rho and Rap) signaling pathways (see text for details). (Modified with permission from reference [11].) Note that Ras, activated via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, may also activate PLCe. For details of the MAPK pathways and abbreviations, see Chapter 24. 

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