Miscellaneous central nervous

Miscellaneous Central Nervous System Acting Drugs... 

Miscellaneous Central Nervous System Stimulants Amiphena-zole, bemegnde, doxapram, ethamivan, mkethamide, pentetrazol, pierotoxin, stryehnine, and related eompounds... 

Due to the large number of references which appeared to be worth mentioning, it became necessary to divide this review into two parts. The present part deals mainly with pyridazines as chemotherapeutics, antithrombotics, antise-cretory and anti-ulcer agents, analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents as well as with various central nervous system stimulants and depressants. Part 2 of this review, which is planned for a future volume of this Series, will be devoted mainly to compounds which act on the cardiovascular system and to a discussion of miscellaneous additional pharmacological activities of pyridazine derivatives. 

Pesticides are used to kill household insets, rats, cockroaches, and other pests. Pesticides can be classified based on their chemical nature or use as organophosphates, carbonates, chlorinated hydrocarbons, bipyridyls, coumarins and indandiones, rodenticides, fungicides, herbicides, fumigants, and miscellaneous insecticides. The common adverse effects are irritation of the skin, eyes, and upper respiratory tract. Prolonged exposure to some chemicals may cause damage to the central nervous system and kidneys [32,33]. 

Dni used for the management of convulsive disorders are called anticonvulsants. Most anticonvulsants have specific uses, tliat is, tliey are of value only in the treatment of certain types of seizure disorders. There are five types of dru used as anticonvulsants barbiturates, benzodiazepines, hydantoins, oxazolidinediones, and tlie succinimides. In addition, several miscellaneous dni are used as anticonvulsants. All possess the ability to depress abnonnal neural discharges in tlie central nervous system (CNS), resulting in an inhibition of seizure activity. Dni tliat control generalized tonic-clonic seizures are not effective for absence (petit mal) seizures. If botli conditions are present, combined drug tlierapy is required. 

There are multitudes of namrally occurring diseases of the central nervous system, including degenerative, traumatic, neoplastic, and metabolic disorders. Naturally occurring diseases for which there are potential models include models for include Parkinson s disease (PD), Huntington s disease (HD), Alzheimer s disease (AD), cerebral ischemia, miscellaneous neoplastic conditions, and lysosomal storage diseases. Examples of selected animal models of human disease will be briefly suimnarized. 

An extensive literature exists on the use of radionuclides in physiological studies of terrestrial and aquatic insects. Consequently, we will refer the reader to O Brien and Wolfe (1964b) for studies that the authors classify as Digestion and absorption, Uptake and distribution of inorganic materials, Elemental turnover, Permeability of the central nervous system, and Miscellaneous studies. ... 

Some miscellaneous pharmacological studies were also of interest. The pharmacology, of N-methylmorphine has been compared with that of morphine. It was concluded that the pharmacological differences between the two compounds can be explained essentially by the inability of the quartemary salt to enter the central nervous system. Morphinone, which is proposed to have only depressant activity, and the stimulant thebaine, both decreased tidal volume but had no effect on oxygen consumption -. However, the compounds acted differently on seizure threshold. Morphinone raised the threshold while thebaine lowered it. 

---