Pharmacological differences between

Bromocriptine (11), pergolide (12), cabergoline (13) and lisuride (14) are examples of compounds which have been developed in this way and are now used clinically. The pharmacological differences between the compounds is not very great. All are D2-dopamine receptor agonists, although... 

CHO cells have been also used to study the human A3 AR desensitisation mechanisms, in order to evaluate some discrepancy in human and rat A3 AR regulation due to the structural and pharmacological differences between the two species... 

Heinemann, S.H., Terlau, H. and Imoto, K. (1992) Molecular basis for pharmacological differences between brain and cardiac sodium channels. Pflugers Archives 422, 90-92. 

Casy (63) cited pharmacological differences between stereoisomers of chiral sulfoxide moieties in cholinergic oxathiolane congeners (96-99) of muscarine. 

We are indebted to the authors from the first edition who have worked to update their chapters, but are sad to report that Mary Berg, author of the chapter on Pharmacological Differences between Men and Women, died on October 1, 2004. She was an esteemed colleague and effective advocate for studying sex differences in pharmacokinetics and... 

S. S. Adams, F. Bresloff, and G. G. Mason, "Pharmacological difference between the optical isomers of ibuprofen Evidence for the metabolic inversion of the (-) isomer," /. Pharm. Pharmacol, 28 256-257 (1976). 

But what about stereoisomers Not too long ago the question was considered largely theoretical, since many synthetic drugs were racemates for which there were no practical means of resolution. Efforts to prepare and isolate pure enantiomorphs were generally perceived as interesting chemical exercises of little practical pharmaceutical importance because it was presumed that both enantiomorphs were equally active, or one of the pair was totally inert, or the enantiomorphs would spontaneously race-mize in solution. Now we know better. The d versus I forms of amphetamine are perhaps one of our best and oldest examples of important pharmacological differences between enantiomorphs of the same agent. 

The drive to produce stereoisomerically pure drugs is based on the recognition that there are pharmacological differences between drug stereoisomers. These differences are addressed in the third section of this book, which discusses the pharmacokinetic, plasma protein binding, efficacy, toxicity, and biotransformation of stereoisomeric drugs. 

What are the pharmacologic differences between each treatment approach ... 

What are the pharmacological differences between NSAIDs and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) ... 

Adams, S. S., Bresloff, P., Mason, C. G. Pharmacological differences between the optical isomers of ibuprofen evidence for metabolic inversion of the (—)-isomer. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1976, 28, 256. 

Vickroy, T.W. et ah, 1984. Pharmacological differences between the high-affmity muscarinic agonist binding states of the rat heart and cerebral cortex labeled with (-H)-[ H]-cii-methyldioxolane. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 229, 747-755. 

It was initially believed that the antidepressant effectiveness of MAOIs was the direct result of MAO inhibition. This acute effect decreases degradation of monoamines (e.g., norepinephrine, serotonin, or dopamine) stored in presynaptic neurons, thereby resulting in an increased amount of these neurotransmitters available at the synapse. More recent research indicates that this model does not fully explain the mechanism of MAOIs efficacy. For example, the positive (h-) stereoisomer of tranylcypromine is a poor antidepressant despite inhibiting MAO. The main pharmacologic difference between the negative (-) and + isomers of tranylcypromine is that the former has much weaker effects as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor in relation to its potency as an MAOI. The other MAOIs may also block the reuptake of selected neurotransmitters. However, like the non-MAOI uptake inhibitors, these acute effects often precede clinical antidepressant effects by weeks. More consistent with the 2- to 4-week lag in therapeutic effect, chronic treatment with a diverse number of MAOIs has been shown to reduce the number of a2- and P-adrenergic and serotonin (5-HT2) postsynaptic binding sites in the brain. 

In order to clarify the pharmacological difference between la,25(OH)2D3 and la,25(OH)2D4> we examined the time course of blood concentrations after oral administration of these drugs to rats and dogs by a radioreceptor assay (RRA). Honma et al. found that the plasma concentration of la,25(OH)2D4 showed longer T]/2, higher Cmax and AUC values than those of la,25(OH)2D3. The results are well explained by the stronger affinity of la,25(OH)2D4 for DBP than that of la,25(OH)2D3 (Table 4 and Table5). 

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