Animal selection

Information of importance in test animal selection is the similarity in toxicodynamics and metabolism to that of humans. Although all of the necessary information may not be available for humans, it can often be inferred with reference to metabolism and excretion of related compounds, but it is clearly ill advised to use an animal that differs from most others in the toxicokinetics or metabolism of the compound in question or that differs from humans in the nature of the end products. Dose selection... 

Frank (1991, 1992) has shown that squirrels (,Spermophilus beldingi) capable of hibernation contain lipids with melting temperatures approximately 25°C lower than those of nor-mothermic mammals. He hypothesized that the animals selectively fed on plants containing high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and that the composition of the resulting depot... 

McLachlan JA, NewboJd RR, Korach KS, Hogan M (1987) In Roloff MV, Wilson AW (eds) Human risk assessment the roles of animal selection and extrapolation. Taylor and Francis, London, pp 187 -193... 

Test animal selection—At least two species should be used. One of them should be rodents and the other nonrodents other than rabbits. However, the single dose toxicity study can be eliminated in the studies of nonrodents, when single dose or repeated dose toxicity studies performed as the preliminary studies for the repeated dose toxicity studies are available. 

Test animal selection—At least two species should be used, one from rodents and the other from nonrodents other than rabbits. 

All inhalation studies can be classified either by the pattern of exposure or by the physical nature of the contaminant. Both of these classifications are important because they dictate equipment, animal selection, and details of study design. 

S. M. Sieburth I agree that in vitro assays should be a component of any optimization scheme. It is also helpful to have a side-by-side comparison of vertebrate and invertebrate assays to give some clue as to target site selectivity even though we recognize that multiple factors will ultimately determine the whole animal selectivity. 

Hansen LG and Lambert RJ, Transfer of toxic trace substances by way of food animals Selected examples, J. Environ. Qual., 16, 200, 1987. 

Acclimation, Dose Administration and Sacrifice. The study was conducted In several phases involving ten Holstein dairy cows (1000-1500 lb) In their mid-lactation. After two weeks of acclimation In floor pens, animals selected for dosing In each phase of the study were placed In metabolism cages for one week prior to dosing. The selection was based on feed consumption, milk production and clinical condition. The selected animals were prepared by marking the Injection sites, usually one to two days prior to the day of dose. Several animals ( 59, 704, 821 and 979) were catheterized prior to the administration of the test substance In order to collect urine and feces separately for metabolism and balance excretion studies. The catheter was... 

Accordingly, reference animals selected to represent the uninfected group in the assessment of assay specificity need to be selected as follows ... 

In the present study, like earlier ones on rabbits (Hesterman et al., 1981 Goodrich et al., 1978, 1981a), heart-rate responses of mice have been used merely to indicate the presence of volatiles which could be detected olfactorily, and to which animals selectively pay greater attention. The assumption is made that compounds which produce cardiac responses are more likely to be components of complex odors which the animals use for olfactory communication, rather than those to which mice are inattentive or olfactorily insensitive. 

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