Mirror effect

When r] is set to 1 the new weights yield the opposite NET-value for the object, i. This mirroring effect can sometimes yield undesirably large weight changes. Therefore T is usually set to a value < 1. In Table 44.1 a calculation on a two-class example is given. In Fig. 44.6 the boundaries found by LLM are shown. As an... 

See Adcock, 166-67, fig. 84, suggesting that Duchamp s book cover for Jarry s Ubu Roi perhaps represents an examination of the prindpe de chamiere [hinge-principle] and its concomitant fourth dimensional mirror effects. Duchamp s interest in Jarry must have been, like the fascination with Hermeticism we postulate, lifelong in 1959, Duchamp was enrolled in the College de Pataphysique with the rank of Transcendent Satrap. ... 

For the determination of the birefringence effect, polarizer and analyzer are turned by an angle of 45° in their fittings. In this way, the maximum phase difference caused by the total reflection on the mirror device, is added to the phase difference caused by the flowing polymer. This mirror effect, however, can simply be subtracted. It can be calculated with the aid of an exact theory and it can also be measured, when the plate is at rest. For further details the original paper should be inspected (17). 

The effects of membrane order on enzymatic activity observed for the Na+-K+-ATPase of hamster ovary cells mirror effects noted for a wide range of membrane-localized proteins involved in enzymatic activity, transport, and cellular signaling. There is a general tendency for proteins to exhibit increased activity as the order of their lipid microenvironment decreases, albeit there is a limit to this relationship at extremes of temperature where membranes undergo phase changes that disrupt function of membrane-localized proteins. 

All phosphated samples, irrespective of the preparation procedure employed, showed reduced Bronsted site densities compared with the parent, non-phosphated mixed-oxide (Table 5, column 6). In sharp contrast, Lewis site densities were always higher for the phosphate containing samples. Phosphated samples displayed a trend not too dissimilar from that obtained for sulfated samples where the gain with respect to the parent mixed oxide in Lewis sites as a function of increased phosphate loading is mirrored by a corresponding loss in Bronsted sites. This mirror effect was also apparent at the highest phosphate loading where a partial recovery of Bronsted sites was matched by a loss in Lewis sites. The consequence was that the total number of acid sites remained fairly constant across the series. 

Hydrophones are simply receivers of sound energy and pick up noise and multiple reflections of bottom features that bounce back and forth between the mirror effect of the air-sea interface and a bottom reflector. By proper filtering, systems have been developed to minimize the effect of multiple reflections. 

In our everyday life, many artificial surfaces are coated. For example, houses are painted with architectural coatings, eye glasses are coated to reduce mirror effects and lens robustness, and motor cars have thin layers of polymers on top of their paintwork. Indeed, although most of the materials used to build motor car bodies are still metal-based, the outer surfaces of our modem toys on wheels are in fact plastic. 

The use of the magnetic mirror effect as a magnetic lens shield has also been suggested. By shielding various parts of the electron microscope, the resolving power could conceivably be increased so that individual atoms in a material could be seen [11]. 

Switchable mirror effect The discovay 88 YH3 3 Infrared transmittance ... 

Though the discovery of switchable mirrors effect is an example of serendipity, the careful detailed analysis of the remarkable observations by the discoverers has triggered renewed research interest in rare earth metal hydride films both for understanding the basic physics underlying the phenomenon and the quest for potential technological applications. The extensive research in switchable mirrors based on R metals has lead to the following generations of switchable mirrors ... 

The deposition and electrical characterization of R metal and R hydride films have been reported in the seventies (e.g., Curzon and Singh (1978, 1979)). Since the discovery of the switchable mirror effect, a variety of techniques have been utilized to deposit R metal polycrystalline and epitaxial films e.g., molecular beam deposition (e.g., Huiberts et al. (1996b)), sputter deposition (e.g., van der Sluis et al. (1997), van der Sluis and Mercier (2001), Mercier and van der Sluis (2001)), pulsed laser deposition (e.g.. Dam et al. (2003)) and thermal evaporation (e.g., Mor and Malhotra (2000)). Typically for pure R metals films, a base pressure of 10 Pa, is an essential requirement (Huiberts et al., 1996b Wildes et al., 1996). Where as room temperature deposition resulted in polycrystalline films, a higher substrate temperature was utilized for depositing epitaxial films. Due to the higher... 

Since its discovery, most of the work on switchable mirror effect has been devoted to the study of hydrogen-induced changes in optical, electronic and structural properties in polycrystalline R metal films, as summarized in the previous section. Though some studies have been reported on single-crystalline films, for example Y films on (110) W substrates (Hayoz et al., 1998) and epitaxial Y films deposited on Nb coated (110) AI2O3 substrates (Wildes et al., 1996 Remhof et al., 1997, 1999), these samples were not suitable for optical and elec-... 

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