Water soaps and

To use an ultrasonic cleaner, immerse the item to be cleaned in the cleaning solution within the device s tank. There are general-purpose and industrial-strength cleaning solutions as well as specific cleaning solutions for jewelry, oxides, and buffing compound removers. Turn the ultrasonic cleaner on for several minutes, and see if your item is clean. If not, repeat the process and/or try an alternate cleaning method. After an item has been cleaned, rinse as you would with a soap and water wash. 

One of the obvious restrictions with ultrasonic cleaners is that the object to be cleaned needs to be able to fit inside the cleaning tray. Commercial ultrasonic cleaners can be as small as V/2 diameter and 3 deep to as large as 19 /f x 1Y x/-f x 8 . 

There axe three types of organic solvents that can be used for cleaning nonpolar, polar, and the halocarbons. They are all capable of removing adsorbed (soaked into the walls of a container) contaminants. 

Nonpolar solvents, such as hexane, can be used to dissolve nonpolar contaminants such as oils from glass. 

Polar solvents, such as the alcohols and ketones, are useful for the removal of polar contaminants, but also attach to adsorbed sites and thereby limit the amount of area available for undesirable materials. Thus, final rinses with polar hydrocarbons can be very beneficial. 

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The leagent may also be prepared by dissolving 1 ml. of phenylhydrazine in a solution of 1 ml. of glacial acetic acid and 10 ml. of water. This procedure is not so convenient as that from the solid hydrochloride becaiise of the poisonous character of phenylhydrazine (both liquid and vapour). If the liquid is accidentally spilled on the skin, wash it at once with dilute acetic acid, followed by soap and water. 

CAUTION. Phenylhydrazine is highly poisonous and produces unpleasant bums in contact with the skin. Wash off immediately any liquid which has come into contact with the skin first with 2 per cent, acetic acid, then with soap and water. 

The first -PDA antiozonants were low molecular weight -diaLkyl-/)-PDAs which caused skin irritations. Current higher molecular weight -dialkyl or A/-alkyl-AT-aryl derivatives are not primary skin irritants. A notable exception is A/-(I-methylethyl)-A7-phenyl-/)-PDA, which causes dermatitis. However, since some individuals are more sensitive than others, antiozonants should always be handled with care (46). When skin contact does occur, the affected area should be washed with mild soap and water. In case of eye contact, flush weU with water. Inhalation of mbber chemicals should be avoided, and respiratory equipment should be used in dusty areas. 

In general, exposure to bromine compounds should be avoided. This appHes to inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact, except under medical supervision. In case of skin contact, the affected parts should be washed thoroughly first with water, then with soap and water. Following any significant exposure medical treatment should be obtained promptly. 

Vesicant agents, such as mustard, require no special treatment once the bums have occurred. Copious washing is quite effective when used early for Hquid contamination of the eyes, and soap and water removes the Hquid agent from the skin. Bums resulting from mustard agent are treated like any other severe bum. The pulmonary injuries are treated symptomatically antibiotics are used only if indicated for the control of infection. 

In the event of contact with the human body, wash the skin with soap and water and the eyes with clean running water. 

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