Space Race

Pcriin, J. (1999). Saved by the Space Race. Solar Today (July-August). 

The fields of surface science and catalysis have benefited greatly from advances in ultrahigh-vacuum technology during the space race. As a consequence, a large number of surface-sensitive... 

Chemical education was essentially in standby status once the U.S. entered World War II, in December 1941. Although the scientihc and technical achievements of the war left the U.S. with a strong sentiment in favor of expanded research and scientific education, it took several years and a boost from the space race to spur action. After the war, schools were crammed with returning veterans. In 1949, a revised set of minimum standards was sent to all U.S. institutions offering a degree in chemistry (Skolnik Reese, 1976). 

It was believed that rocket technology would eventually lead to a country developing the capacity to launch a nuclear attack anywhere on earth from space. More was at stake than a sense of patriotism and scientific advancement. The Space Race had suddenly become a race for survival (ibid xi). In many ways it was these events that had the most significant impact on the background story of the first official James Bond film, Dr. No (1962). 

Cadbury, Deborah. 2005. Space Race. London Fourth Estate. 

Space Race, with the National Space and Aeronautics Administration s (NASA) launch of the world s first communications satellite, AT T s Telstar. 

The first phases of learning about the needs of humankind in space have come and gone. The days of the first space race between the United States and the Soviet Union taught space scientists and astronauts the fundamentals of taking humans into space and... 

States during the height of the space race in the 1960 s. By the beginning of the twentu-first century, it had fallen to a fraction of that sum, but the emphasis has changed from space exploration to space exploitation, and the funding has shifted from governments to private industry, primarily in the realm of communications. 

International Makeup. During the space race— from the 1950 s to the mid-1970 s—the United States and the Soviet Union competed for dominance in space. As the primary players in this worldwide drama, the diplomatic and political strength of either nation was tied to its success in space. For many years, success in this race meant the ability to launch men into space and return them safely to Earth. However, the lunar missions were only one point in this race— other measures of success were met handily by the Soviets, including their launch of the Salyut program in the early 1970 s. In 1975, the space race effectively ended when both sides teamed up for the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP). Although this mission yielded some scientific research results, its primary... 

Prelinger, Megan. 2010. Another Science Fiction Advertising the Space Race, 1957-1962. New York Blast Books. 

Since the advent of the space era in the mid-1950s (though missile technology was developed earlier, it didn t really become spaceborne until this time frame), military safety tools were central. This was because national space programs were created out of military use and really were part of the space race. The NASA, European Space Agency, and other national space agencies took military know-how and applied it to civilian space safety. So, the same tools used by the military are also, and still are, used by civilian space safety. 

The power of future talk is illustrated by President John F. Kennedy s vision, stated on May 25, 1961, that by the end of the decade the United States would put people on the moon and return them safely to earth. Many thought this prediction was absurd. While the Russians had completed several successful space missions at the time, America lagged behind in the "space race." Renowned U.S. scientists warned that a moon landing was impossible because of insufficient fuel and computer technology. Yet, on July 20,1969, the world watched in awe when astronaut Neil Armstrong took that "giant leap for mankind" and planted an American flag on the moon. 

Confined space safety should be considered at tank farms, fuel storage areas, manholes, transformer vaults, confined electrical spaces, race-ways. 

The growth in the use of polymers and composites mirrored the incredible changes that occurred in the twentieth century and in this growth also contributed to those changes. For example, many polymers and composites were developed during the space race. 

---