Mineralisation soils

Wenzel, W.W. Jockwer, F. 1999. Accumulation of heavy metals in plants grown on mineralised soils of the Austrian Alps. Environmental Pollution, 104, 145-155. 

Fig. 8-25. Geology, mineralisation, soil sample sites and CS2 concentrations at North Silver Bell, Arizona (from Hinkle and Dilbert, 1984).

D. Robinson, B. Griffiths, K. Rilz, and R. Wheatley, Root-induced nitrogen mineralisation a theoretical analysis, PUini and Soil 7/7 185 (1989). 

D. B. Knaebel, T. W. Federle, D. C. McAvoy, and J. R. Vestal, Effect of mineral and organic soil constituents on microbial mineralisation of organic compttunds in a natural soil. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 60 4500 (1994). 

J. Hassink, Effects of soil texture and structure on carbon and nitrogen mineralisation in grassland soils. Biology and Fertility of Soils I4 26 (1992). 

M. Clarholm, Interactions of bacteria, protozoa and plants leading to mineralisation of soil nitrogen. Soil Biology and Biochemistiy / 7 181 (1985). 

H. A. Verhocf and L. Brussaard, Decomposition and nitrogen mineralisation in natural and agroecosystems the contribution of. soil animals. Biogeochemistry II 175 (1990). 

L. A. Bouwman, J, Bloem, P. H. J. F. Van den Boogert, F. Bremer, G. H. J. Hoen-derboom, and P. C. de Ruiter, Short-term and long-term effects of bacterivorous nematodes and nematophagous fungi on carbon and nitrogen mineralisation in microcosms. Biology and Fertility of Soils / 7 249 (1994). 

B. Griffiths and D. Robin.son, Root-induced nitrogen mineralisation a nitrogen balance model. Plant Soil 759 253 (1992). 

P. Gibbs and D. Barraclough, Gross mineralisation of nitrogen during the decomposition of leaf protein I (ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxilase) in the presence or absence of sucrose. Soil Biol. Biochem. 30 1821 (1998). 

That an asymmetric soil Cu profile and abundant fresh gold grains in C horizon soil samples most likely reflects mineralised bedrock entrained in till from a local source. 

Kandeler E, Kampichler C, Horak O (1996) Influence of heavy metals on the functional diversity of soil microbial communities. Biol Fertil Soils 23 299-306 Kandeler E, Tscherko D, Spiegel H (1999) Long-term monitoring of microbial biomass, N mineralisation and enzyme activities of a Chernozem under different tillage management. Biol Fertil Soils 28 343-351... 

Fatty acid esters. Fatty acid esters (FESs) are readily degraded in aerobic environments [120], by co- and (3-oxidation steps, followed by desulfonation [122], such that extensive mineralisation has been described. Persistence from aquatic sources can only be envisaged in cases where adsorption leads to removal of the surfactant from the aerobic conditions, with anaerobic degradation not observed in any studies described to date [122]. Aerobic degradation in sludge-amended soils has, however, been described as rapid [122]. 

Larson et al. [31] performed biodegradation assays of C 13-LAS in surface soils encompassing a range of different soil types (silt loam, loam, sand, sandy loam, silty clay). No soil had been previously exposed to LAS surfactants. The rate and extent of mineralisation were rather independent of the soil type with half-lives in the range of 1.1-4.9 days. The onset of biodegradation was not preceded by a noticeable lag phase... 

Federle and colleagues [37] examined the mineralisation of LAS and AE in two sandy soil profiles from the same area, one of which impacted by infiltrating wastewater from a laundromat. The mineralisation of 14C-C13-LAS and 14C-C12/14-AE in each profile was evaluated as a... 

The effect of mineral and organic soil constituents on the mineralisation of LAS, AE, stearyl trimethylammonium chloride (STAC) and sodium stearate (main soap component) in soils was studied by Knaebel and co-workers [38]. The four 14C-labelled compounds were aseptically adsorbed to montmorillonite, kaolinite, illite, sand and humic acids and subsequently mixed with soil yielding surfactant concentrations of about 50 jig kg-1. The CO2 formation in the serum bottle respirometers was monitored over a period of 2 months indicating that the mineralisation extent was highest for LAS (49-75%). Somewhat lower amounts of produced CO2 were reported for AE and the stearate ranging from 34-58% and 29-47%, respectively. The mineralisation extent of the cationic surfactant did not exceed 21% (kaolinite) and achieved only 7% in the montmorillonite-modified soil. Associating the mineral type with the mineralisation kinetics showed that sand... 

Data from the Na-pyrophosphate partial extractions and estimates of organic C contained in humic and fulvic acids from spectroscopic determinations show poor reproducibility over time. Analysis of data from re-sampling in September 2007 show significantly lower results over bedrock mineralisation than the original orientation survey conducted in April 2007, although the general pattern appears to be preserved. Re-analysis of the duplicate field samples in the same batch indicates that this variation largely reflects seasonal variations in metal content of the soils, possibly related to rainfall patterns, but also includes a component of laboratory variation between batches. 

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