Microbial mineralisation

D. B. Knaebel, T. W. Federle, D. C. McAvoy, and J. R. Vestal, Effect of mineral and organic soil constituents on microbial mineralisation of organic compttunds in a natural soil. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 60 4500 (1994). 

Kandeler E, Kampichler C, Horak O (1996) Influence of heavy metals on the functional diversity of soil microbial communities. Biol Fertil Soils 23 299-306 Kandeler E, Tscherko D, Spiegel H (1999) Long-term monitoring of microbial biomass, N mineralisation and enzyme activities of a Chernozem under different tillage management. Biol Fertil Soils 28 343-351... 

The organic treatment had higher microbial biomass C and N, enzyme activity and potentially mineralisable N (Cunapala and Scow 1998) and different microbial community composition phospholipid fatty acid than the conventional treatment (Bossio ef al. 1 998). There were minimal differences between treatments in residue decomposition (Cunapala et al. 1998). Cover crops and higher irrigation frequency in the organic treatment may have contributed to the differences (Cunapala and Scow 1998). 

FlieSbach, A., Mader, P. and Niggli, U. 2000. Mineralisation and microbial assimilation of Relabelled straw in soils of organic and conventional agricultural systems. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 32 1131-1139. 

Two steps occur in the microbial polymer degradation process, first, a depolymerisation or chain cleavage step, and second, mineralisation. The first step normally occurs outside the organism due to the size of the polymer chain and the insoluble nature of many of the polymers. Extracellular enzymes are responsible for this step, acting either endo (random cleavage of the internal linkages of the polymer chains) or exo (sequential cleavage of the terminal monomer units in the main chain). 

Sulphur mineralisation Sulphur is ubiquitous in minerals at hydrothermal vents (e.g. native sulphur, metal sulphides, sulphates), and the formation of many of these minerals is potentially influenced by the associated microbial activity at vents. For example, microbial filamentous sulphur formation has recently been proposed as a widespread activity in mixed H2S-02 environments and may be a quantitatively important microbial process in hydrothermal vent... 

Carbon mineralisation has been considered a reliable characteristic for the evaluation of the microbial soil activity (Anderson and Domsch, 1985), since it can supply information on the soil metabolic status and the turnover of organic matter (Trinchera et al, 2001). It represents a key soil process and even if it is considered to be characterised by a low sensitivity to changes in soil management (Brookes, 1994), when evaluated in combination with TOC, it may supply useful information on carbon utilisation and energy requirements in the system. 

Where ammonium is the principal product only limited fractionation effects accompany the microbial reworking mineralisation, decomposition) of bulk organic matter. 

The herbicides N-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl) propionamide (Propanil), N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) methylacryl amide (Diciyl), and N-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-2-methylpentanamide (Karsil) were transformed into 3,4-dichloroaniline [222-225]. The a[Pg.22]

To meet the ASTM D5338 - 93 standard, 60% of single polymer materials must mineralise in six months, and 90% must do so in blends. Materials should give way to intense microbial activity and be converted fiom carbon to CO2,... 

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