Mineral analysis, chemical contributions

Be able to set up the equations necessary to compute the buffer capacity of a water as a function of pH from its chemical analysis, given that reactions involving minerals contribute to the buffer capacity. 

Daubeny s contribution to chemical knowledge was wider and more substantial than that of Kidd but not of the first rank if measured by what was being done at the time on the Continent. After his geological and chemical work on volcanoes he turned his attention to the analysis of mineral waters but his interests soon moved in another direction when he acquired the additional chairs of Botany, in 1834, and Rural Economy in 1840. The action of light on plants, and of the plants on the composition of the atmosphere, were the subjects of a major paper in 1836 and of several communications to the new British Association for the Advancement of Science. He found that it was only visible light and not the calorific nor the chemical rays that affected the plants, but was not able to take the matter much further. His interests moved... 

Bergmann, Torbern Olof (1735-1784) Swedish chemist and mineralogist in Uppsala he greatly contributed to the advancement of quantitative analysis, and he developed a mineral classification scheme based on chemical characteristics and appearance finally he is noted for his sponsorship of Carl Wilhelm Scheele. 

A sample of sediment from a given depth below the water/sediment interface can be dated from its ( Th/ Th) activity ratio if this has stayed constant for at least several hundred thousand years in the water body next to the sediment in any given ocean basin and also if there was no migration of the isotopes in the sediments. In addition, their chemical speciation must have been the same in seawater with no isotopic fractionation between this and the mineral phases involving thorium in the sediment. Furthermore, the ionium and thorium found in detrital mineral particles must be excluded from the analysis. Assuming that the contribution made by uranium-supported ionium is negligible, the activity of a sample given as an activity ratio may be related to its age as... 

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