Trickle irrigation

C. M. Butt and C. Hash, Proceedings of the 3rd International Drip Trickle Irrigation Congress, N ov. 1985, ASAE, St. Joseph, Mich., 1985. 

In both studies the apples were grown in the biodynamic orchard Boomgaard ter Linde in the south-western part of the Netherlands. We used full grown apple trees of the Dutch variety Elstar on dwarf rootstock M9,2460 trees/ha, grown on limey humus sea loam with trickle irrigation. The experiment was replicated four times. 

For more widely spaced plants, trickle irrigation, where individual drippers are fitted at specified locations along a pipe, is more appropriate. This sort of system can also be used for a series of hanging baskets or planters. 

Koren, E. and E. Shlevin (1977). Effect of trickle irrigation on soil-applied herbicides. Weed Res., 17 133-138. 

Bresler, E. (1978). Analysis of trickle irrigation with application to design problems. Irrig. Sd. 1, 3—17. Brewer, R. (1964). Fabric and Mineral Analysis of Soil. John Wiley, New York. 

Urbina, J. L., Head Loss Characteristics of Trickle Irrigation Hose with Emitters, M. Sc. Thesis, Utah State University, USA (1976). 

Water consumption hy landscaping can be dramatically reduced through appropriate plant selection and use of low flow or trickle irrigation systems. The use of extravagant areas of turf grass is a serious problem in that it requires not only substantial irrigation but also high maintenance and the use of pesticides, herbicides, and fertiliser. 

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