Microspheres toxoid vaccine

Oral targeting can be achieved using microspheres those less than 10 pm in diameter have been shown to target the Peyer s patch. " Microspheres less than 5 pm were shown to be transported through the lymphatics within macrophages and those larger than 5 pm remained in the Peyer s patch. " Toxoid vaccine microcapsules were effectively delivered and released in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue following oral administration. "... 

Kende, M., Yan, C., Hewetson, J., Frick, M.A., Rill, W.L. and Tammariello, R. (2002) Oral immunization of mice with ricin toxoid vaccine encapsulated in polymeric microspheres against aerosol challenge. Vaccine, 20, 1681-1691. 

Tetanus toxoid (the vaccine for tetanus) encapsulated in polyester microspheres was produced for single-injection immunization. The entrapment efficiency of the protein vaccine was significantly improved by coencapsulation with excipients such as trehalose and y-hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin. However, these excipients did not impart stabilizing effect on tetanus toxoid. In contrast, bovine serum albumin was foimd to be the most prominent stabilizer for protein in the body after administration by injection. 

Ying, M. Thomasin, C. Merkle, H.P. Gander, B. Corradin, G. A single administration of tetanus toxoid in biodegradable microspheres elicits T cell and antibody responses similar or superior to those obtained with aluminum hydroxide. Vaccine 1995, 13 (7), 683-689. 

Intranasal vaccination route has received growing interest for non-invasive immunization. Intranasal immrmization has been quite effective for various vaccine-delivery systems. Both solution and microsphere formulations tend to show good immune responses after intranasal administration. Immunization of mice with tetanus toxoid, in solution and microsphere-encapsulated... 

Alonso MJ, Gupta RK, Min C, Siber GR, Langer R. Biodegradable microspheres as controlled-release tetanus toxoid delivery systems. Vaccine 1994 12 299-306. 

Tseng J, Komisar JL, Trout RN, et al. Humoral immunity to aerosolized staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), a superantigen, in monkeys vaccinated with SEB toxoid-containing microspheres. Infect Immun. 1995 63(8) 2880-2885. 

Kersten GF, Bonders D, Akkermans A, Beuvery EC. Single shot with tetanus toxoid in biodegradable microspheres protects mice despite acid-induced denaturation of the antigen. Vaccine 1996 14 1627-1632. 

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