Micropropagation

They store well for winter eating. Potatoes are planted as tubers, never as seed. Always use certified disease-free tubers. In the case of some heirloom varieties, "micropropagated" plants may also be available, usually by mail order from specialty suppliers. 

Some antibiotics are also used in horticulture to control contamination of micropropagation, plant tissue culture, and in controlling bacterial diseases of fruit trees (Levy, 1992 FaUdner, 1998). Commonly used in horticulture are cephalosporins, neomycin, novobiocin, polymyxin, and sulfaguanidine. More than 20 tons of streptomycin and tetracycline are used by the horticulture industry in the United States per annum. Substantial amounts of antibiotics are also used in aquaculture, whereby they are either directly added to the water (therapy) or as part of the feed, resulting in high concentrations in the water and adjoining sediments. An examination of the levels of use of various PPCPs for various purposes is outline next. 

Micropropagation the provision of plants difficult to propagate using normal methods or those of endangered species... 

The plant cell culture technique of micropropagation of flavour-producing plants will be able to help with their agricultural cultivation and will relieve the pressure on the wild populations. Micropropagation will be able to propagate those plants where conventional propagation is difficult or will be to multiply elite stock. This may be required if demand for natural flavours continues to increase. 

D. J. McConnell. 1998. Ephedra species in vitro culture, micropropagation, and the production ephedrine and other alkaloids. In Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 41. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants X. Springer-Verlag. New York. p. 154-193. 

Ent -3p-hydroxy 13-epi-manoyl oxide (7) (ribenol), Fig. (7), has been used as starting material for a biotransformation process by Curvularia lunata. The in vitro micropropagation of the Sideritis foe tens species has been described and several entananoyl oxide derivatives, as well as other labdanes, have been isolated from micropropagated plants. Recently, biotransformation by Curvularia lunata of some en/-l 3-e/n-manoyl oxides functionalized at C-3 or C-3 and C-12 produced derivatives, which inhibited the growth of the pathogenic protozoa, Leishmania donovani [130],... 

Micropropagated raspberry is less tolerant to simazine, probably because of the shallow roots picking up more herbicide than the deeper rooting cuttings (Neal et al, 1990). When simazine was used in a New York study, weed control was excellent. However, with rainfall plus supplemental irrigation, there was less plant establishment and growth in herbicide-treated vines compared to mulched plants (Trinka and Pritts, 1992). It was determined that mulching provided a more uniform microclimate (moisture) than the plots with no weeds or cover. 

Trinka, D.L. and M.L. Pritts (1992). Micropropagated raspberry plant establishment responds to weed control practices, plastics, row cover use, and fertilizer placement. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 117 874-880. 

Neori, A., Clark, M., Beck, J., Huang, F., Kane, M.A. and Bitton, G. (1993) Heavy metal binding by natural waters and soluble exudates from micropropagated axenic wetland plants, measured with MetPLATE, a bioassay for rapid assessment of heavy metal toxicity, Amer. Soc. Limnol. Oceanog. (ASLO)-Soc. Wetland Scientists Ann. Joint Meeting, Univ. Alberta, Edmonton, May 31-June 3, 1993. 

Cordier C., Trouvelot A., Gianinazzi S., Gianinazzi-Pearson V. Arbuscular mycorrhizal technology applied to micropropagated Prunus avium and to protection against Phytophthora cinnamomi. Agronomie 1997 17 256-265. 

Yao M., Tweddell R., Desilets H. Effect of two vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth of micropropagated potato plantlets and on the extent of disease caused by Rhizotonia solani. Mycorrhiza 2002 12 235-242. 

Keywords. Plant cell culture, Micropropagation, Bioreactor design, Embryogenic callus, Hairy root, Image analysis, Plant factory... 

Image Analysis System for Large-Scale Micropropagation. 175... 

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