Microbiology differentiation

Even when interaction is direct, forms of attack may be difficult to differentiate from other corrosion mechanisms. For example, corrosion beneath biological material can exhibit strikingly unique or vague attack morphologies according to the degree of microbiological involvement (see Chap. 6). 

Microbial characterization, including detection, differentiation, and identification, are the most regular tasks of microbiology laboratories worldwide. A... 

Although this method was designed for folates in general, differential microbiological testing could give an indication of reduced folate concentration. 

In addition to the above chemical tests a number of microbiological procedures have been reported. Heinmann et al have described a simple test to differentiate neomycin-like molecules from tetracyclines and chloramphenicol. When added to a column of innoculated agar only the neomycin-like molecules show an area of growth-inhibition at the top of the column. 

Airborne Nonviable 0.5-p Particles per Cubic ft Airborne Viable Microbiological Level (cfu/m ) Minimum No. Air Changes Required per Hour Minimum Differential Air Pressure between Work Areas... 

Guerin, W. F. Boyd, S. A. (1992). Differential bioavailability of soil-sorbed naphthalene to two bacterial species. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 58, 1142-52. 

Chapter 5, on Biochemical Engineering, has been completely rewritten in two sections by Dr R. L. Lovitt and Dr M. G. Jones with guidance from the previous author, Professor B. Atkinson. The earlier part deals with the nature of reaction processes controlled by micro-organisms and enzymes and is prefaced by background material on the relevant microbiology and biochemistry. In the latter part, the process engineering principles of biochemical reactors are discussed, and emphasis is given to those features which differentiate them from the chemical reactors described previously. 

Baty, A. M., Ill, C. C. Eastburn, Z. Diwu, S. Techkamjanaruk, A. E. Goodman, and G. G. Geesey. 2000a. Differentiation of chitinase-active and non-chitinase-active subpopulations of a marine bacterium during chitin degradation. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66 3566—3573. 

The microbiological methods are all quite specific for free mj/o-inositol,98 and they can therefore be used for differential determination of free and bound inositol, as is often desired. But, because they are somewhat tedious, and not satisfactorily precise, many efforts to develop chemical methods have been made. The periodate reaction is the basis for most of these, although use of this reaction for the quantitative assay of cyclitols poses certain problems periodate reacts with almost all carbohydrates, and the reaction with cyclitols is, under the usual conditions, not stoichiometric (see p. 150). 

Figure 7.8 SEM micrograph degraded cotton/lycra. There has been differential loss of the microbiologically vulnerable cotton compared with the more robust Lycra. (Photo R. C. Janaway.)...

Baker, S., Gunn, J., Morona, R. The Salmonella typhi melittin resistance gene pqaB affects intracellular growth in PMA-differentiated U937 cells, polymyxin B resistance and lipopolysaccharide. Microbiology 145 (1999) 367-378. 

Hoen B, Viel JF, Paquot C et al. (1995) Multivariate approach to differential diagnosis of acute meningitis. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 14 267-274. 

Henn, M. R. Chapela, I. H. (2000). Differential C isotope discrimination by fungi during decomposition of C3- and C4-derived sucrose. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 66, 4180-6. 

Stoodley, P., Sauer, D. G., Davies, D. G. Costerton, J. W. (2002). Biofilms as complex differentiated communities. Annual Review of Microbiology, 56, 187-209. 

Monod M, Hube B, Hess D, Sanglard D Differential regulation of SAPS and SAP9 which encode two new members of the secreted aspartic proteinase family in Candida albicans. Microbiology 1998 144 2731-2737. 

Moreno, J. J., Millan, C., Ortega, J. M., Medina, M. (1991) Analytical differentiation of wine fermentations using pure and mixed yeast cultures. Journal of Industrial Microbiology, 7, 181-189. 

Redzepovic, S., Orlic, S., Majdak, A., Kozina, B., Volschenk, H., Viljoen-Bloom, M. (2003) Differential malic acid degradation by selected strains of Saccharomyces during alcoholic fermentation. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 83, 49-61. 

---