Microbial characterization

HIGH-THROUGHPUT MICROBIAL CHARACTERIZATIONS USING ELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY AND ITS ROLE IN FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS... 

HIGH-THROUGHPUT MICROBIAL CHARACTERIZATIONS USING ESMS... 

Microbial characterization, including detection, differentiation, and identification, are the most regular tasks of microbiology laboratories worldwide. A... 

Beccaloni, E., Coccia, A.M., Musmeci, L., Stacul, E., Ziemacki, G. Chemical and microbial characterization of indigenous topsoil and mosses in green urban areas of Rome. Microchem. J. 79, 271-289 (2005)... 

When analytical pyrolysis is applied to a microbial sample, depolymerization and volatilization of bacterial components are accomplished simultaneously. The volatile thermal products may be separated on-line by capillary GC with flame ionization detection (Py-GC-FlD), separated by GC and detected by MS (Py-GC/MS), or detected directly by MS (Py-MS). In contrast to derivatization-based methods and like other direct approaches, microbial characterization by analytical pyrolysis requires miiumal sample pretreatment and short total analysis times. 

Improvements in analytical capability for the analysis of complex pyrolysate mixtures have appeared during the last decade high-resolution capillary GC with more polar and selective stationary phases coated on inert fused-silica colmnns coupling of capillary GC with sensitive, selective, and lower-cost mass spectrometric detectors enhanced pyrolysis-MS techniques hyphenated analysis methods, including GC-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (GC/FTIR) and tandem MS and better strategies for handling complex multidimensional pyrolysis data. The present chapter reviews the known chemotaxonomy of miCTOorganisms, summarizes practical considerations for the use of pyrolysis in microbial characterization, and critically discusses selected applications of analytical pyrolysis to microbial characterization. 

Fatty acid profiling by GC is routine in some clinical reference laboratories, particularly for identification of anaerobic bacteria. Fatty acids and lipids are bonded to proteins, carbohydrates, or other chemical entities in microbial cell walls and membranes. Fatty acids of chain length from Cg to C20 are useful for identifying Gram negative organisms at the species and genus levels. Perhaps the only automated GC-based microbial characterization system that is commercially available is a microbial analysis system based on derivatization GC of fatty acid methyl esters (Microbial ID, Inc., Newark, NJ). °... 

In spite of the recent development of DNA based methods, microbiota development and characterization in the human host still rests largely on the culture-based assessment pioneered by Japanese researchers. The identification of different microbial species and strains has been dependent on microbial characterization, which is usually based on limited phenotypic properties and the metabolic activity of the microbes, for example, sugar fermentation profiles. There are several bacteria, however, that cannot be cultured and isolated or identified by the traditional methods. The culture technique as used in microbial assessments of feces is also hindered by the fact that microbes in the feces will mainly... 

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