Microarrays construction

Microarray analysis can also be applied to the study of multiple tissue specimens with tissne microarrays (Rimm, D.L., Camp, R.L, Charette, L.A. et al., Tissne microarray a new technology for amplification of tissue resources, Cancer J. 7, 24-31, 2001 Bubendorf, L., Nocito, A., Moch, K., and Santer, G., Tissne microarray [TMA] technology minaturized pathology archives for high-thronghput in situ stndies, J. Pathol. 195,72-79,2001 Fedor, H.L. and De Marzo, A.M., Practical methods for tissue microarray construction. Methods Mol. Biol. 103, 89-101, 2005). 

U. F. Vogel and B. D. Bueltmann, Simple, inexpensive, and precise paraffin tissne microarrays constructed with a conventional microcompound table and a drill grinder, American Journal of Clinical Pathology, vol. 126, no. 3, pp. 342-348, Sept. 2006. 

In order to make the best use of available technologies of carbohydrate microarrays, it is important to conceptually understand the design and chemical principles of different carbohydrate microarray platforms. Different platforms may be technically complementary and can be applied in combination in addressing biomedical questions. For this purpose, we outhne below a number of carbohydrate array platforms based on the chemical principle of array construction. These include technologies that directly utilize underivatized carbohydrates in microarray construction, technologies that require chemical modification of carbohydrates... 

The use of underivatized saccharides for microarray construction has the unique advantage of preserving the native structures of the carbohydrate molecules. It requires, however, a ready-to-use microarray surface with appropriate surface chemistry that can be directly used to fabricate comprehensive carbohydrate microarrays with underivatized carbohydrates from a wide range of sources. Methods include noncovalent binding of underivatized carbohydrate probes on a chip by passive adsorption and methods for covalently immobilizing underivatized carbohydrates on a slide surface by appropriate chemical-linking techniques. 

Several different approaches to microarray construction have been developed, including oligonucleotide- or DNA-based arrays on glass slides or nylon membranes (10). Here, we describe a robust CGH protocol based on the use of a PCR-generated microarray (6). Detailed descriptions of genomic DNA template preparation, labeling, microarray hybridization, and data analysis are provided. 

Table 27.1. cDNA Plasmid Libraries Used in Microarray Construction... 

The potential of photolithography for the construction of protein microarrays has also been demonstrated (Mooney et al., 1996). For these experiments, antibodies were assembled in precise two-dimensional patterns on silicon wafers. This was accomplished by first forming a self-assembled monolayer of n-octadecyltrimethoxysilane (OTMS) on a silicon-dioxide... 

Peluso P., Wilson D.S., Do D., Tran H., Venkatasubbaiah M., Quincy D., Heidecker B., Poindexter K., Tolani N., Phelan M., Witte K., Jung L.S., Wagner P., Nock S., Optimizing antibody immobilization strategies for the construction of protein microarrays, Anal Biochem. 2003 312 113-124. 

Ex situ (also known as spotted or printed) arrays have become very popular formats, especially for the building of custom noncommercial arrays used primarily by academic laboratories [see Association of Biomolecular Resource Facilities (ABRF) surveys on microarrays atwww.abrf.org]. The printed cDNA microarray was largely developed from gene expression work originating in the laboratories of RO. Brown and R.W. Davis at Stanford University (Schena et al., 1995). Plans for the construction of the microarrayer and split pin designs were available at the Brown lab website at http //cmgm.stanford.edu/ pbrown/mguide/index.html. This enabled researchers to prepare their own microarrays appropriate for their particular experiments. 

The proteomics field is currently wide open. Only a few protein microarray products have been commercialized. Unlike DNA microarrays that are commonly constructed on essentially two platforms (GeneChip or slide array) employing oligonucleotides or cDNA probes, the protein microarray appears on a variety of platforms and with different types of probes. 

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