Microarray diagnostic

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Andresen H, Bier FF (2009) Peptide microarrays for serum antibody diagnostics. Methods Mol Biol 509 123-134... 

T.A. Joos, M. Schrenk, P. Hopfl, K. Kroger, U. Chowdhury, D. Stoll, D. Schomer, M. Durr, K. Herick, S. Rupp, K. Sohn, and H. Hammerle, A microarray enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for autoimmune diagnostics. Electrophoresis 21, 2641-2650 (2000). 

The most common use of protein microarrays is in immunoassays. In particular, antibody-based immunoassays are the main stream of diagnostic assays due to their specificity. The assay usually runs in a multiplexed mode where the antibodies or other capture agents are immobilized and then exposed to a biological sample. There are four immunoassay formats direct binding, sandwich (ELISA), competitive, and displacement. Direct-binding and sandwich assays are the most common. There are some reports on the use of competitive assays and displacement assays, which are usually associated with high surface area/volume systems [72-76],... 

Gusterson BA, Ross DT, Ffeath VJ, Stein T (2005) Basal cytokeratins and their relationship to the cellular origin and functional classification of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 7(4) 143 148 Ffsu FD, Nielsen TO, Alkushi A, Dupuis B, Huntsman D, Liu CL, van de Rijn M, Gilks CB (2002) Tissue microarrays are an effective quality assurance tool for diagnostic immunohistochem istry. Mod Pathol 15 1374 1380... 

Unlike other methods currently employed for quantitative transcript measurements, including cDNA microarrays and real-time RT-PCR, competitive RT-PCR is amenable to quality control, which is critical for clinical diagnostic and pharmaceutical industry applications. Furthermore, microarray approaches are limited to generating snap-shot like profiles, but they do not control for differences in hybridization efficiencies of different gene probes with their corresponding cDNAs. That is, cross comparisons are relative and not absolute. Real-time PCR has gained acceptance recently largely due to the reduced cost associated... 

Microarrays are today applied in the clinical diagnostics and genotyping arenas. Their successful utilization and snrvival in the clinic will depend on the abihty of the technology to meet the rigorons requirements applied to human diagnostics in a cost-effective manner. 

As we will soon discover, microarray-based technologies have found utility in a number of fields. While DNA arrays are the most technically mature and have the broadest application portfolio, we have witnessed the ever-increasing generation of new kinds of probe arrays antibody, antigen, enzyme, aptamer, carbohydrate, tissue, cell, and small molecule microarrays. The list undoubtedly will continue to expand. We can also describe microarrays in terms of prognostic, diagnostic, and predictive roles. A few examples that examine these applications are provided. 

Chan, A., Coupling different molecular techniques onto a porous microarray for diagnostic applications Detection of deletions and duplications in Duch-enne muscular dystrophy (DMD) using multiplexed amplifiable probe hybridization (MAPH) on PamChip , First International Conference on Microarrays for Diagnostics, San Diego, CA, March 21-22, 2002. 

Joos, T.O., Schrenk, M., Hopfl, P, Kroger, K., Chowdhury, U., StoU, D., Schomer, D., Durr, M., Herick, K., Rupp, S., Shon, K., and Hammerle, H., A microarray enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for autoimmune diagnostics. Electrophoresis, 21, 2641-2650, 2000. 

Master, S.R., C. Bierl, and L.J. Kricka (2006) Diagnostic challenges for multiplexed protein microarrays. Dru Discov Today. 11, 1007-11. 

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