Microalgae application

Ideally, the culture system has to enable optimal control of growth conditions, but it also has to meet the many and varied practical and economic tied to different microalgae applications, from small-scale lab production to mass-scale solar culture. 

MANSOUR M P, FRAMPTON D M F, NICHOLS P D, VOLKMAN J K and BLACKBURN S I (2005) Lipid and fatty acid yield of nine stationary-phase microalgae Applications and unusual C-24-C-28 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Journal of Applied Phycology, 17, 287-300. 

Other applications — P-carotene is used in various pet foods as both a colorant and a precursor to vitamin A. It can be applied to an array of animal foods designed for dogs, cats, fish, and birds. The antioxidant and precursory vitamin A properties increase the appeal and application of P-carotene in pet foods. Additionally, P-carotene is an important carotenoid that may assist in improving the color of birds, fish, and crustaceans. Dunaliella salina can serve as a source of algal feed for fish and crustaceans. The microalgae provide carotenoids that are essential for flesh coloring, particularly of salmon and crustaceans. 

Bioprocesses for the removal of nitrogen oxides from polluted air are an interesting alternative [58], but current reaction rates are still too low for large-scale applications. Advanced biological processes for the removal of NO from flue gases are based on the catalytic activity of either eukaryotes or prokaryotes, e.g. nitrification, denitrification, the use of microalgae and a combined physicochemical and biological process (BioDeNO ). 

Koci, V. Lukavsky, J. Mlejnek, M. Kochankova, L. Grabic, R. Ocelka, T. 2004a, Application of a semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) for assessment of organic toxicants dangerous to the green microalga Scenedesmus subspicatus. Arch. Hydrobiol. 150 173—186. 

M. Rigobello-Masini and J. C. Masini, Application of Modified Gian Functions and Derivative Methods to Potentiometric Acid Titration Studies of the Distribution of Inorganic Carbon Species in Cultivation Medium of Marine Microalgae, Anal. Chim. Acta 2001, 448, 239. 

Application of Microscopic Techniques to the Study of Seeds and Microalgae under Olive Oil Wastewater Stress... 

An integrated process for highly purified PUFAs from microalgae has been developed at the University of Almeria (Molina Grima et al., 1996). The process basically employs solvent extraction, phase separation, urea adduction of fatty acids, and chromatographic separation of PUFA rich fraction the process is summarized in Figure 26.1. The same is applicable to recovery of PUFA rich lipid fractions from seaweeds as well. 

The principles of sonochemistry can also be applied to disrupt different species of oil-bearing microalgae cells. Detailed experimental results are necessary to support the cost-effectiveness and industrial scale applicability of ultrasound for microbial lipid extraction, and subsequent biodiesel production in comparison to conventional methods (Mata et al., 2010). 

Mata, T.M., Martins, A.A., and Caetano, N.S. 2010. Microalgae for biodiesel production and other applications A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14 217-232. 

We studied the extraction of lipids from algae (Isochrysis galbana Parke) to verify the possibility to enrich EPA, DHA or other omega-3 fatty acids for healthy products or pharmaceutical application (35). We found that the SFs allow the extraction of lipids from microalgae with interesting fatty acid composition and good extraction yield in comparison with traditional solvents. 

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