Methylobacterium

Patel RN, CT Hou, AI Laskin, A Felix (1982) Microbial oxidation of hydrocarbons properties of a soluble monooxygenase from a facultative methane-utilizing organisms Methylobacterium sp. strain CRL-26. Appl Environ Microbiol 44 1130-1137. 

Lidstrom-O Connor ME, GL Fulton, AE Wopat (1983) Methylobacterium ethanolicum a syntrophic association of two methylotrophic bacteria. J Gen Microbiol 129 3139-3148. 

Marx CL, L Chistoserdova, ME Lidstrom (2003) Formaldehyde-detoxifying role of the tetrahydromethanoptein-linked pathway in Methylobacterium extorquens AMI. J Bacterial 185 7160-7168. 

Ramamoorthi R, ME Lidstrom (1995) Transcriptional analysis of pqqD and study of the regulation of pyrroloquinoline quinone biosynthesis in Methylobacterium extorquens AMI. J Bacteriol Yll 206-211. 

Strain IMB-1 is able to grow at the expense of methyl bromide (Woodall et al. 2001) and belongs to a group of organisms that can also degrade methyl iodide, but are unable to use formaldehyde or methanol (Schaefer and Oremland 1999). It was postnlated that the pathway for chloromethane degradation in this strain was similar to that in Methylobacterium chloromethanicum (McAnulla et al. 2001a). 

FIGURE 7.58 Degradation of methyl chloride by Methylobacterium chloromethanicum. (From Neilson, A.H. and Allard, A.-S., The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Vol. 3R, pp. 1-74, Springer, 2002. With permission.)... 

Vannelli T, M Messmer, A Studer, S Vuilleumier, T Leisinger (1999) A corrinoid-dependent catabolic pathway for growth of a Methylobacterium strain with chloromethane. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96 4615-4620. 

Fournier D, S Trott, J Hawari, J Spain (2005) Metabolism of the aliphatic nitramine 4-nitro-2,4-diazabutranal by Methylobacterium sp. strain JS 178. Appl Environ Microbiol 71 4199-4202. 

Sinorhizobium meliloti 41 -Azorhizobium caulinodans —Methylobacterium extorquens IBT6... 

The 3-ketothiolase has been purified and investigated from several poly(3HB)-synthesizing bacteria including Azotobacter beijerinckii [10], Ral-stonia eutropha [11], Zoogloea ramigera [12], Rhodococcus ruber [13], and Methylobacterium rhodesianum [14]. In R. eutropha the 3-ketothiolase occurs in two different forms, called A and B, which have different substrate specificities [11,15]. In the thiolytic reaction, enzyme A is only active with C4 and C5 3-ketoacyl-CoA whereas the substrate spectrum of enzyme B is much broader, since it is active with C4 to C10 substrates [11]. Enzyme A seems to be the main biosynthetic enzyme acting in the poly(3HB) synthesis pathway, while enzyme B should rather have a catabolic function in fatty-acid metabolism. However, in vitro studies with reconstituted purified enzyme systems have demonstrated that enzyme B can also contribute to poly(3HB) synthesis [15]. 

Such a situation occurs in continuous processes, and can be realized in special cases with cells growing unlimited in discontinuous processes, e. g., as reported in several studies of Alcaligenes latus [60], Azotobacter vinelandii [98], or Methylobacterium rhodesianum [74]. 

M. Ghosh, C. Anthony, K. Harlos, M.G. Goodwin, and C. Blake, The refined structure of the quino-protein methanol dehydrogenase from Methylobacterium extorquens at 1.94A. Structure 3, 177—187 (1995). 

Fig. 7.4 The tree is based on full-length sequences, and constructed by using the neighbor-joining method. Bootstrap values (% from 1,000 replications) are indicated. NodA sequences of published rhizobia are available in GenBank. A, Azorhizobium, B, Bradyrhizobium. M, Mesorhizobium. Me, Methylobacterium. R, Rhizobium. S, Sinorhizobium (Moullin et al. 2001)...

Pomper BK, Vorholt JA, Chistoserdova L, et al. 1999. A methenyl tetrahydromethanopterin cyclohydrolase and a methenyl tetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase in Methylobacterium extorquens AMI. Eur J Biochem 261 475-80. 

This product was among the top three effective performers in all systems. This product s main advantage over the others tested is that it effectively controlled the Methylobacterium sp. in all slurry samples. This is also a combination biocide that provides beneficial synergy and enables the use of lower dosages. The result is a safe biocide that decreases exposure to the handler and the end-user. The product is FDA-approved under the specified clearances. It is very effective over a pH range of 8.3-9.S and unlike the 1,5-pentanedial, it produced no offensive odour. 

This product did not perform well in any of the slurries. It is very expensive and requires very high dosages to provide adequate protection to a system. This molecule was not effective in controlling the Methylobacterium sp. 

Historically, this molecule has been very effective in controlling microbial growth and degradation in pigmented slurries. However, its performance against the Methylobacterium sp. was poor. 

The new liquid blend, l,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane -1- 2-bromo-2-nitrop-ropane-l,3-diol, was very effective in controlling the Methylobacterium sp. It is the recommended product of choice for the preservation of pigmented slurries. 

The 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-l,3-diol was effective in controlling the Methylobacterium sp. but, due its stability issues in pigment slurries, it is recommended as the second product of choice. 

The 1,5-pentanedial was effective in controlling the Methylobacterium sp. This product s pungent odour makes it an unlikely candidate for the preservation of pigment slurries. 

Vannelli T, Studer A, Kertesz M, Leisinger T (1998) Chloromethane Metabolism by Methylobacterium sp. Strain CM4. Appl Environ Microbiol 64 1933... 

Bormann, E.J. and Roth, M. 1999. The Production of Polyhydroxybutyrate by Methylobacterium Rhodesianum and Ralstonia Eutropha in Media Containing Glycerol and Casein Hydrolysates. Biotechnol. Lett., 21, 1059-1063. 

Cozier, G. E., Giles, I. G., and Anthony, C. (1995b). The structure of the quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase of Acetobacter aceti modelled on that of methanol dehydrogenase from Methylobacterium extorquens. Biochem. J., 308, 375—379. 

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