Methyl chloride poisoning

Spevak L, Nadj V, Felle D Methyl chloride poisoning in four members of a family. Br J IndMed 33 272-274, 1976... 

Gudmundsson G Letter. Methyl chloride poisoning 13 years later. Arch Environ Health MlZCi-TM, 1977... 

AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine 8 328-334,1953 Jones AM Methyl chloride poisoning. Q J Med 35 29-43, 1942... 

Kegel AH, McNally WD, Pope AS Methyl chloride poisoning from domestic refrigerators. JAMA 93 353-358, 1929... 

It acts as an anesthetic about one-fourth as potent as chloroform, and also acts as a narcotic. Inhalation must be avoided. Mild cases of methyl chloride poisoning usually suffer from... 

Fatal methyl chloride poisoning can have symptoms similar to those of severe nonfatal poisoning. Apparent recovery from what seems a mild exposure through inhalation may be followed by serious, prolonged or even fatal aftereffects within a few days or weeks as a result of cerebral and pulmonary edema and circulatory failure. Repeated exposures are dangerous because methyl chloride is eliminated slowly from the body, where it is converted into hydrochloric acid and methyl alcohol (wood alcohol). 

It acts as an anesthetic about one-fourth as potent as chloroform, and also acts as a narcotic. Inhalation must be avoided. Mild cases of methyl chloride poisoning usually suffer from ataxia, lightheadedness, confusion, tremors, nausea and vomiting, and frequently from anorexia after a latent period of one-half to several hours. Hiccough and constricting pain in the neck may also be experienced. Visual disturbances such as double vision are frequently reported. [1]... 

Lotti M, Becker CE. 1982. Treatment of acute organophosphate poisoning Evidence of a direct effect on central nervous system by 2-PAM (pyridine-2-aldoxime methyl chloride). J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 19 121-127. 

ORIGIN/INDUSTRY SOURCES/USES pesticides plastics perfumes colloidal forms of metals organic synthesis glycerin acrylic acid esters warning agent in methyl chloride refrigerant military poison mixtures aquatic herbicide liquid fuel algae and aquatic weed control slimicide in paper manufacture... 

The acute poisoning effects from inhaling methyl bromide are headache, weakness, nausea, vomiting, loss of coordination, visual disturbance, pulmonary edema, tremor, convulsions, hyperthermia, and coma. Massive exposure may cause death from respiratory paralysis. The toxicity of this compound is comparable to that of methyl chloride. The lethal concentration in humans has not been measured accurately. The LC50 value in rats is in the range 300 ppm after an 8-hour exposure. Chronic exposure can cause injury to the kidney and depression of the central nervous system. 

Heat of comb. C, 430-8 Cal. Inflammable. Poisonous. I—y methyl iodide + mercuri-methyl iodide. HCl—>mer-curi-methyl chloride -r methane. CHjCOOH at 130° —y mercuri-methyl acetate + methane. Hglj —y raercui i-methyl iodide. Zn at 120° — mercury -f- zinc dimethyl. 

Methyl chloride is classified as a flammable gas in both the United States and Canada. In Canada, a subsidiary poison risk also applies. It burns feebly but forms explosive mixtures with air. The end product of high-temperature decomposition may be toxic. For additional data concerning physiological effects, protective equipment, chemical and physical properties, and so forth, see the monograph on methyl chloride in Part III. 

Aging is of clinical interest in the treatment of poisoning because cholinesterase reactivators such as pralidoxime (2-PAM, Protopam) chloride are ineffective after aging has occurred. Measurement of metabolites of methyl parathion, p ra-nitrophenol, and dimethylphosphate in the urine has been used to monitor exposure to workers. ... 

Diazomethane (called Diazomethan in Ger), C cNiN mw 42.04, N 66.64% poisonous yel gas condensing to a yel liq, bp -24 to -23° and solidifying in pale-yel crysts, fr p -145° explodes violently when heated to a higher temp sol in eth more important methods of prepn are from nitrosomethylurea, nitroso-methylurethane, a mixt of chloroform fit hydrazine hydrate, or l-methyl-l-nitroso-3-nitro-guanidine by reaction with KOH from nitrosyl chloride methylamine by treatment of the Na salt of formaldehyde oxime with chloramine and by other methods... 

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