Methyl alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution

Ergot alkaloid (eg. 2 grams) can be transformed into lysergic acid when dissolved in (50 mL) normal methyl alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution and refluxed under inert gas. A small amount of water (approx. 50 mL) is added and the alcohol is evaporated under reduced pressure. The base is extracted with ether and the aqueous layer is acidified with sulfuric acid to precipitate the crude lysergic acid, which is then purified. 

The 0 -S.V alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution Is prepared by dissolving 16g. of potassium hydroxide pellets in 500 ml. of alcohol (or industrial spirit) contained in a bottle closed by a cork. After standing for 24 hours, the clear solution is decanted or filtered from the residue of potassium carbonate. It is said that a solution in methyl alcohol has better keeping qualities than that in ethyl alcohol. 

D) Action of Alcoholic Alkali. Use alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution containing 30 g of the solid dissolved in 90 ml of 90 per cent methyl or ethyl alcohol. Place 3 ml of the alkali solution in each of three tubes. Add to seperate respective tubes 1 ml of n-amyl bromide, amyl bromide, and benzyl chloride. Shake gently for a minute, cork, label each tube, and set aside for the next laboratory period. If it is desired to observe the rate at which the halides react, examine after 30 minutes the extent of the reaction as judged by the amount of potassium halide formed. After 24 hours add 3 ml of water, shake, and allow to separate. Note the odor. With a clean dropper or pipette withdraw two drops from each and test with bromine water and dilute permanganate. n -Amyl bromide yields a considerable amoimt of ether, but little olefin. Benzyl chloride yields entirely carbinol. Put the contents of the three tubes into bottles provided by the instructor. 

If alcoholic potassium hydroxide is added to an ethereal solution of the methyl-nitrosamide and the mixture distilled, an ethereal solution of diazomethane is obtained in high yield ... 

As with poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl cinnamate) is prepared by chemical modification of another polymer rather than from monomer . One process is to treat poly(vinyl alcohol) with cinnamoyl chloride and pyridine but this is rather slow. Use of the Schotten Baumann reaction will, however, allow esterification to proceed at a reasonable rate. In one example poly(vinyl alcohol) of degree of polymerisation 1400 and degree of saponification of 95% was dissolved in water. To this was added a concentrated potassium hydroxide solution and then cinnamoyl chloride in methyl ethyl ketone. The product was, in effect a vinyl alcohol-vinyl cinnamate copolymer Figure 14.8)... 

These formulae explain the scission products of the two alkaloids and the conversion of evodiamine into rutaecarpine, and were accepted by Asahina. A partial synthesis of rutaecarpine was effected by Asahina, Irie and Ohta, who prepared the o-nitrobenzoyl derivative of 3-)3-amino-ethylindole-2-carboxylic acid, and reduced this to the corresponding amine (partial formula I), which on warming with phosphorus oxychloride in carbon tetrachloride solution furnished rutaecarpine. This synthesis was completed in 1928 by the same authors by the preparation of 3-)S-amino-ethylindole-2-carboxylic acid by the action of alcoholic potassium hydroxide on 2-keto-2 3 4 5-tetrahydro-3-carboline. An equally simple synthesis was effected almost simultaneously by Asahina, Manske and Robinson, who condensed methyl anthranilate with 2-keto-2 3 4 5-tetrahydro-3-carboline (for notation, see p. 492) by the use of phosphorus trichloride (see partial formulae II). Ohta has also synthesised rutaecarpine by heating a mixture of 2-keto-2 3 4 5-tetrahydrocarboline with isatoic anhydride at 195° for 20 minutes. 

Azoxybenzene has been prepared by reduction of nitrobenzene with alcoholic potassium hydroxide,1 with sodium amalgam,2 with hydrogen in the presence of lead oxide,3 with methyl alcohol and sodium hydroxide,4 with sodium methylate and methyl alcohol,5 and by electrolytic reduction 6 by oxidation of azobenzene with chromic anhydride 7 by treatment of /9-phenylhydroxylamine with alkaline potassium permanganate,8 with nitrobenzene,9 with mineral adds,10 and with mercury acetamide,11 and by oxidation of aniline with hydrogen peroxide,12 and with acid permanganate solution in the presence of formaldehyde.13 The procedure described above is a slight modification of one described in the literature.14... 

Another satisfactory process for the determination of total hardness, based on a somewhat similar principle, is due to Blacher.4 The water is first titrated with decmormal hydrochloric acid until it is neutral to methyl orange, as in the method described above for temporary hardness. After the removal of the carbon dioxide by a current of air, the methyl orange is bleached by the addition of a drop of bromine water a little phenolphthalein and a few drops of alcoholic potassium hydroxide are added, the liquid is just decolorised with dccinormal hydrochloric acid and is then titrated with an alcoholic decmormal solution of potassium palmitate until a decided red colour is produced. The quantity of the potassium palmitate solution required is proportional to the total hardness. 

Alkalies produce addition, substitution, and condensation products. Alkalies and alkali compounds produce red colorations with alpha trinitrotoluene. Coparisow found that when 5 c.c. of a saturated solution of potassium hydroxide in methyl alcohol, cooled in solid carbon-dioxide-ether mixture, are added to. 166 g. of pure symmetrical trinitrotoluene, dissolved in a mixture of 1 c.c. pryidine and, 5 c.c. methyl alcohol the latter solution being kept cool in solid carbon-dioxide-ether mixture, the color change took place at a temperature as low as —65° C. 

Diphenyldimethylarsonium tri-iodide, (CgH5)2 s(CH3)2ls, results amongst other products when methyl iodide reacts at 100° C. with any of the following compounds Diphenylchloroarsine, the corresponding bromide, iodide, cyanide, or thiocyanate. It crystallises in violet needles, M.pt. 69-5° C., insoluble in water or ether, readily dissolving in hot alcohols, chloroform, ethyl acetate, or acetone. When treated with alcoholic potassium hydroxide and the product recrystallised from water, diphenyldimethylarsonium iodide results. An alcoholic solution of iodine transforms the tri-iodide into the cotnpound, (CgH6)aAs (CHj)2l.l8. 

Although potassium fert-butoxide (f-BuOK), sodium methylate (NaOCHs), sodium ethylate (NaOC2H5), alcoholic potassium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide solutions have been used, the utilization of the... 

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