Alkali compounds

Today s major emissions control methods are sorbent injection and flue gas desulfurization. Sorbent injection involves adding an alkali compound to the coal combustion gases for reaction with the sulfur dioxide. Typical calcium sorbents include lime and variants of lime. Sodium-based compounds are also used. Sorbent injection processes remove 30 to 60% of sulfur oxide emissions. 

Phosphoric acid diesters are prepared by treating a liquid slurry of phosphate monoester with epoxides in the presence of alkali compounds. Thus a mixture of monolauryl phosphate sodium salt and triethyl amine in water was treated with glycidol at 80°C for 8 h to give 98% lauryl(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)phosphate sodium salt [13]. 

Thioxo-2,3-dihydro[l, 2,4]triazino[6,5-c]isoquinolin-6-one 189 was obtained (75ZOR2407) by the cyclization of the 3-thiosemicarbazone 188 with alkali. Compound 188 was prepared by the reaction of 3-anilino-1,4-dihydro- 1,4-isoquinolinedione 187 or the ether 186 with thiosemicarbazide. Compound 187 was obtained by reaction of the ether 186 in benzene with aniline. The ether 186 was obtained from the alkylation of 179 (R = H) via its silver salt 185. 

This is a widely used preparation route towards metal chalcogenolates since the alkali compounds, mainly lithium and sodium derivatives, react with halogen complexes of almost any metal. The chalcogenols in the presence of a base can be used to scavenge the hydrogen halide. 

Saponification. An aqueous solution of an alkali compound, like sodium or potassium hydroxide, reacts with an ester to form an alcohol and the salt of the acid corresponding to the ester. The process is typically carried out with the esters of natural fats, and then the salt formed is called a soap. 

The majority of compounds A+Me +Fe and A +Me +Fe crystalhzes in the KOsFe- or BaSiFe-type resp. The two structures differ only slightly. As can be seen from the figures above the BaSiFe-type 748) is a special case of the KOsFe-type, that has been elucidated later by Hepworth, Jack and Westland [140). Although Weise and Klemm [331) for example report a BaSiFe-type structure of BaRuFe and some alkali compounds ARuFe (A = K, Rb, Cs), it is not proved whether these fluorides do not fit the KOsFe-model even better. The same could be true for other fluorides of the BaSiFe-type. For this reeison these compounds are mentioned under the more general aspect of the KOsFe-type. 

The structure of this type was elucidated in the compound TIAIF4 by Brosset 51) and later observed also in alkali compounds AAIF4 (A = K,... 

Alkali compounds are used in the Surtek process to reduce the interfacial tension between the oil phase and the aqueous phase. In addition, an alkaline agent neutralizes rock and clay surfaces and reduces the amount of exchangeable calcium and magnesium ions from the soil surface. Both of these functions reduce surfactant and polymer adsorption into the soil matrix. 

Homologues of ethoxyacetylene can be obtained by reaction of the metallated ethynyl ether in liquid ammonia with primary alkyl bromides and iodides 167]. Because of their better solubiliiy, the lithium compounds are preferred over their sodium and potassium analogues, lithium ethoxyacetylide is generated from the readily accessible 2-bromovinyl ethyl ether and two equivalents of lithium amide. This starting compound is obtained as a mixture of the E-and Z-isomer. When this mixture is heated with powdered KOH, only the Z-isomer is converted into ethoxyethyne. Alkali amides are able to conven both isomers into ethoxyethyne and its alkali compounds. A possible explanation for this violation of the "rule of... 

Lysol. Brown, oily liq creosote odor poisonous. A mixt of alkali compounds of the higher phenols with fat and resin soaps. Obtained by boiling a mixt of heavy tar-oils, fats and resin with alkali. Sol in w, ale, eth, chlf benz (Ref 4). A registered trademark of Lehn ... 

It is interesting to see that Lavoisier resolved this problem by analogy with well-established composition of other acids, a more demonstrable analogy than that of the fixed alkalies compound nature by analogy with ammonia. 

Heats of Formation of Alkali Compounds in heal per Equivalent... 

Most 4-aryl-2,3-dihydro-l,3,5,2-oxadiazaboroles (65) are easily degraded in ethanol (71JHC205). The 2,3-dihydro-4H-1,2,4,3-triazaboroles (66) were reported to be stable to neutral hydrolysis but were destroyed by boiling with strong acid or alkali. Compound (66 R1 = R3 = H, R2 = 2-pyridyl, R4 = Ph), however, is stable to dilute acid, and is in fact prepared in aqueous solution (71JA3298). 

We shall not here discuss the mechanism of metallation reactions which has recently been reviewed (Shatenshtein, 1962). Bryce-Smith (1954) has correctly interpreted these reactions by pointing out that the protophilic reagent (carbanion of the organo-alkali compound) is responsible for the ionization of the hydrogen in the CH bond. In order to emphasize this fact and note the acid-base nature of metallation reactions, Bryce-Smith referred to them as protophilic substitution of hydrogen. 

Cyclopentadienide derivatives, alkali compounds, 2, 13 Cyclopentadienide tungsten complexes, characterization,... 

Diphenyl(r-butylethynyl)phosphines, in platinum(II) complexes, 8, 486-487 Diphenyl derivatives, alkali compounds, 2, 4 Diphenyl diselenide, into Se electrohiles, 9, 460 Diphenylmercury(II) complexes, Group 12 element liquid crystals, 12, 286... 

Fluorenide derivatives, alkali compounds, 2, 13 Fluorenyl-amido complexes with Ti(IV), 4, 438, 4, 455 with Zr(IV), 4, 788 Fluorenyl complexes... 

Indanes, chromium tricarbonyl complexes, 5, 246 Indazoles, in copper-catalyzed lead reactions, 9, 409 Indenes, chromium tricarbonyl complexes, 5, 246 Indenide derivatives, alkali compounds, 2, 13 Indenones, via imine carbonylation, 10, 136 Indenyl-alkoxo complexes, with Ti(IV), 4, 500 Indenyl-amido complexes, with Ti(IV), 4, 454 Indenyl-amido dimethyl complexes, with Ti(IV), 4, 442 Indenyl bridges, in [Pg.126]

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