Methyl alcohol or methanol

Methyl alcohol, or methanol, which is an alternative name, is also sometimes found in antifreeze together with ethylene glycol. It is sometimes found in other products used around the home such as screenwash, and it is a constituent of methylated spirits and industrial alcohol which are used in laboratories. 

Methyl alcohol, or methanol, is lower boifing than water (65°C compared with 100°C) and is thus more easily removed, allowing the reaction to be forced toward polymer formation more easily. Although this poly(aryl ester), produced by Whinfield and Dickson, poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET, met the specifications for a useful synthetic fiber, because of inferior molding machines and inadequate plastic technology, it was not possible to use it in injection molds. Until more recently PET was not a widely used plastic or film material. 

So, we need a volatile liquid that mixes easily with water. Methanol is ideal. A 40-percent solution in water will lower water s freezing point to approximately minus forty degrees, which is usually enough. The English chemist Robert Boyle first made methanol in 1661, when he heated wood in the absence of air. The wood didn t burn, but it decomposed to yield a variety of substances, one of which he named methyl alcohol, or methanol. The term comes from the Greek methe, for wine, and hyle, for wood, because methyl alcohol was considered to be the wine of wood. ... 

Such is, indeed, methyl alcohol, or methanol, or wood alcohol, the simplest one-carbon drink and a rather dangerous one for the human animal. And this is the group that is on the central oxygen of mescaline. 

In the 1920s, one of the early important synthetic organic industrial chemicals from the aliphatic (chain molecule) branch was synthetic alcohol, particularly methyl alcohol (or methanol), marking another dramatic shift from natural to synthetic. Du Pont was one of two American firms to put synthetic methanol, manufactured as a by-product to its synthetic ammonia plant and drawing heavily on newer techniques in high pressure technologies, on the market in... 

Besides chemical catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide with hydrogen, which is already possible in the laboratory, we are exploring a new approach to recycling carbon dioxide into methyl alcohol or related oxygenates via aqueous eleetrocatalytic reduction using what can be called a regenerative fuel cell system. The direct methanol fuel cell... 

Manufacture is either by reaction of molten sodium with methyl alcohol or by the reaction of methyl alcohol with sodium amalgam obtained from the electrolysis of brine in a Castner mercury cell (78). Both these methods produce a solution of sodium methylate in methanol and the product is offered in two forms a 30% solution in methanol, and a soHd, which is a dry, free-flowing white powder obtained by evaporating the methanol. The direct production of dry sodium methylate has been carried out by the introduction of methanol vapors to molten sodium in a heavy duty agitating reactor. The sohd is supphed in polyethylene bags contained in airtight dmms filled in a nitrogen atmosphere. 

Hydrogen is also used for a number of similar reactions. For example, it can be combined with carbon monoxide to make methanol—methyl alcohol, or wood alcohol (CH3OH) ... 

The alcohols which are best used in this reaction are either methyl alcohol or ethyl alcohol. Methyl alcohol, also known as wood alcohol or methanol, is easily and cheaply purchased in the paint section of the hardware store. Ethyl alcohol, or ethanol, is best purchased as 190 proof vodka. As such it contains 5% water, but since water is needed for the hydrolysis stage of the reaction, this presents no problem. In all cases, it is best to use the alcohol which has the same number of carbon atoms in it as the nitrite uses. For example, methyl alcohol is used with methyl nitrite, and ethyl alcohol with ethyl nitrite. 

To illustrate how Lewis structures can be drawn using the information on Table 3.1, let s figure out the Lewis structure of methanol, CH3OH, which is often called methyl alcohol or wood alcohol. Methanol is a poisonous liquid that is used as a solvent. 

Methanol (CH30H Methyl alcohol or wood alcohol) - A clear, colorless, very mobile liquid that is flammable and poisonous used as a fuel and fuel additive, and to produce chemicals. 

Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol or wood alcohol, is used as a chemical building block in the manufacture of wood paneling, paints, adhesives, and fuels. It is poisonous when consumed by humans. 

Other common alcohols are methyl alcohol, CH3OH (methanol or wood alcohol), ethylene glycol, HOCHjCHaOH, used as an antifreeze, and glycerol (glycerine), HOCHjCHOHCHjOH, an important trihydroxy compound. 

Esters of the homologous acids are prepared by adding silver oxide in portions rather than in one lot to a hot solution or suspension of the diazo ketone in an anhydrous alcohol (methyl, ethyl or n-propyl alcohol) methanol is generally used and the silver oxide is reduced to metallic silver, which usually deposits as a mirror on the sides of the flask. The production of the ester may frequently be carried out in a homogeneous medium by treating a solution of the diazo ketone in the alcohol with a solution of silver benzoate in triethylamlne. 

The oxidation of terminal alkenes with an EWG in alcohols or ethylene glycol affords acetals of aldehydes chemoselectively. Acrylonitrile is converted into l,3-dioxolan-2-ylacetonitrile (69) in ethylene glycol and to 3,3-dimetho.xy-propionitrile (70) in methanol[28j. 3,3-Dimethoxypropionitrile (70) is produced commercially in MeOH from acrylonitrile by use of methyl nitrite (71) as a unique leoxidant of Pd(0). Methyl nitrite (71) is regenerated by the oxidation of NO with oxygen in MeOH. Methyl nitrite is a gas, which can be separated easily from water formed in the oxidation[3]. 

Esterifica.tlon. The process flow sheet (Fig. 4) outlines the process and equipment of the esterification step in the manufacture of the lower acryflc esters (methyl, ethyl, or butyl). For typical art, see References 69—74. The part of the flow sheet containing the dotted lines is appropriate only for butyl acrylate, since the lower alcohols, methanol and ethanol, are removed in the wash column. Since the butanol is not removed by a water or dilute caustic wash, it is removed in the a2eotrope column as the butyl acrylate a2eotrope this material is recycled to the reactor. 

The alcoholysis reaction may be carried out either batchwise or continuously by treating the triglyceride with an excess of methanol for 30—60 min in a well-agitated reactor. The reactants are then allowed to settle and the glycerol [56-81-5] is recovered in methanol solution in the lower layer. The sodium methoxide and excess methanol are removed from the methyl ester, which then maybe fed directiy to the hydrogenolysis process. Alternatively, the ester may be distilled to remove unreacted material and other impurities, or fractionated into different cuts. Practionation of either the methyl ester or of the product following hydrogenolysis provides alcohols that have narrow carbon-chain distributions. 

Most large-scale industrial methacrylate processes are designed to produce methyl methacrylate or methacryhc acid. In some instances, simple alkyl alcohols, eg, ethanol, butanol, and isobutyl alcohol, maybe substituted for methanol to yield the higher alkyl methacrylates. In practice, these higher alkyl methacrylates are usually prepared from methacryhc acid by direct esterification or transesterification of methyl methacrylate with the desired alcohol. 

Aqueous formaldehyde, known as formalin, is usually 37 wt % formaldehyde, though more concentrated solutions are available. Formalin is the general-purpose formaldehyde of commerce suppHed unstabiLized or methanol-stabilized. The latter may be stored at room temperature without precipitation of soHd formaldehyde polymers because it contains 5 —10% methyl alcohol. The uiiinhibited type must be maintained at a temperature of at least 32°C to prevent the separation of soHd formaldehyde polymers. Large quantities are often suppHed in more concentrated solutions. Formalin at 44,... 

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