Methods ATLAS

Ekwall, B. et al. 1998. MEIC evaluation of acute systemic toxicity VI prediction of human toxicity by rodent LDj0 values and results from 61 in vitro methods. ATLA 26, 617-658. 

Zinke S, Gerner I, Gratschel G, Schlede E. Local irritation/corrosion testing strategies Development of a decision support system for the introduction of alternative methods. ATLA 2000 28 29 10. 

The agitation studies for PET depolymerization were performed in the Atlas Launder-ometer. The Launder-ometer is a device for rotating closed containers in a thermostatically controlled water bath. The procedure used in these experiments was adapted from an American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) standard test method. The 5% sodium hydroxide solution (250 mL) was preheated to 80°C in a 1-pint stainless steel jar. The catalysts were added in the following amounts in separate experiments TOMAC (0.04 g, 0.0001 mol) TOMAB (0.045 g, 0.0001 mol) and HTMAB (0.045 g, 0.0001 mol). The PET fiber specimens (1.98 g, 0.01 mol) were placed in the containers along with ten -in. stainless steel balls to aid in the agitation process. The jars were sealed in the Launder-ometer, whose bath was at the desired temperature (80°C). The machine was allowed to run for the allowed treatment times (i.e., 30, 60, 90, 150, and 240 min) at 42 rpm. Upon decanting, any residual fibers... 

Balls, M. and Worth, A.P (Eds.) (2002). Alternative Methods for Chemicals Testing Current Status and Future Prospects. ATLA 30, Supplement 1, 71-80. 

Noraberg, J. (2004). Organotypic brain slice cultures an efficient and reliable method for neu-rotoxicological screening and mechanistic studies. ATLA 32, 329-337. 

Netzeva TI, Worth AP, Aldenberg T, Benigni R, Cronin MTD, Gramatica P et al. Current status of methods for defining the applicability domain of (quantitative) structure-activity relationships. The report and recommendations of ECVAM workshop 52. ATLA 2005 33 152-73. 

D.O. Hummel, Atlas of Plastics Additives Analysis by Spectro-metric Methods, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (2002). 

D.O. Hummel, Atlas of Polymer and Plastics Analysis Analytical Methods, Spectroscopy, Characteristic Absorptions, Description of Compound Classes, Vol. 2, John Wiley Sons, Inc., New York, NY (1988). 

Bej, A. K. McCarty, S. C. Atlas, R. M. Detection of coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli by multiplex polymerase chain reaction comparison with defined substrate and plating methods for water quality monitoring. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1991, 57, 2429-2432. 

Worth AP, Balls M (eds) (2002) Alternative (non-animal) methods for chemicals testing current status and future prospects. A report prepared by ECVAM and the ECVAM working group on chemicals. ATLA 30(Suppl 1), pp 125... 

Boron, D. J. Atlas, R. M. Johnson, A. R., et ah, Method for removing organic sulfur from heterocyclic sulfur containing organic compounds. Patent No. USH1986H. 

H.F. Bluhm, Ammonium nitrate emulsion blasting agent and method of preparing same, US Patent 3447 978, assigned to Atlas Chem. Ind., June 03,1969. 

All detection methods have limitations. The most severe are sensitivity and reproducibility. Happily, the past few years have seen a flurry of technologies developed specifically to detect cells at rather low environmental concentrations. The most prominent of these methods are outlined here, along with notes of their merits and reported sensitivity. Several excellent reviews have recently dealt with this topic (Drahos, 1991b Atlas et al., 1992 Edwards, 1993 Prosser, 1994). 

Compared methods of DNA isolation prior to amplification 1 cell/gram Atlas et al. (1989)... 

Steffan, R.J., Breen, A., Atlas, R.M. Sayler, G.S. (1989). Application of gene probe methods for monitoring specific microbial populations in freshwater ecosystems. Canacian Journal of Microbiology, 35, 681-5. 

Atlas Chemical Industries, Inc Gelled Nitric Acid Blasting Composition and Method of Preparing Same... 

None of the pure cultures that produced HFBT have been shown to further metabolize this compound. Bohonos et al. (46) found two further oxidation products, 3-hydroxybenzothiophene and 2,3-dihydrobenzothiophene-2,3-dione in aerobic mixed cultures co-metabolizing dibenzothiophene. Recently, Mormile and Atlas (61) inoculated portions of the filter-sterilized supernatant from a dibenzothiophene-degrading culture with soil and sediment samples and observed the loss of HFBT using a spectroscopic method. Under their aerobic growth conditions, they also observed the release of carbon dioxide from these cultures indicating that these products of dibenzothiophene degradation can be further oxidized. In addition, they observed carbon dioxide production from dibenzothiophene-sulfoxide. 

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