Methanol screening reactor

Methanol Steam Reforming 6 [MSR 6] Electrically Heated Screening Reactor... 

Men and coworkers investigated methanol steam reforming over Cu/Ce02/Al203 catalysts [12-14] in a 10-fold screening reactor developed by Kolb et al. [3]. At a reaction temperature of 250 °C and an S/C ratio of 0.9, the atomic ratio of copper to ceria was varied from 0 to 0.9, revealing the lowest conversion for pure ceria and a sharp maximum for a ratio of 0.1. The carbon monoxide selectivity was lower than 2% for all samples. As byproduct, substantial amounts of dimethyl ether were observed for all samples the highest selectivity of 23% was detected for pure ceria. The dimethyl ether formation was attributed to separate dehydration of methanol on the alumina surface. 

In our development studies, Endeavor (5 mL) and Buchi (IL) reactor systems were used to screen catalysts and to evaluate the impurity profile under various process conditions. Elydrogenation kinetic studies were carried out using a 100 mL EZ-seal autoclave with an automatic data acquisition system to monitor the hydrogen uptake and to collect samples for HPLC analysis. Standard conditions of 5 g of aldehyde in 25 mL ethyl acetate and 25 mL methanol with 0.5 g of 5%Pd/C Engelhard Escat 142 were used in this investigation. For the Schiff s base formation and subsequent hydrogenation, inline FTTR was used to follow the kinetics of the Schiff s base formation under different conditions. Tables 1 and 2 show the changes in the substrate concentration under different conditions. Both experiments were carried without any limitations of gas-liquid mass transfer. 

Air is drawn thru meihanol at such a rate that a mixture conrg 30—50% methanol is obtd. The alcohol-air mixture passes thru a preheater (10 0—30 0°) in order to eliminate any alcohol in liquid form, and then goes to the reactor, where it remains only 0.01 second. The reactor contains either Ag or Cu multilayer gauze or screen, maintained at 450—60 0° The resulting gaseous product is absorbed in water to give the commercial product... 

Ziogas et al. [28] performed catalyst screening with this reactor with catalysts coatings, which were made of various base aluminas such as corundum, boehmite and y-alumina. Testing of Cu/Cr and Cu/Mn catalysts based on the different coatings for methanol steam reforming revealed differences in activity which were ascribed... 

Men, Y., Gnaser, H., Zapf, R., Kolb, G., Hessel, V., Ziegler, C., Parallel screening of Cu/Ce02/y-Al203 for steam reforming of methanol in a 10 channel micro-reactor, Catal. Commun. 2004, submitted for publication. 

Hexamine is manufactured from anhydrous ammonia (NH3) and a 45% solution of methanol-free formaldehyde (HCH=0). These raw materials, plus recycle mother liquor, are charged continuously at carefully controlled rates to a high-velocity reactor, since the reaction is exothermic. The reactor effluent is discharged into a vacuum evaporator that also serves to crystallize the product, and the hexamine crystals are washed, dried, and screened. Typically, the yield of hexamine is on the order of 96%. 

Batchwise aldolization experiments were carried out in a 1.0 dm jacketed glass reactor operating at atmospheric pressure. Formaldehyde, either as a freshly prepared aqueous solution of paraformaldehyde or as formalin (42 wt.-%), and n-butyraldehyde, the catalyst and the solvents, water and methanol, were loaded into the reactor at room temperature. Solid paraformaldehyde was dissolved in water by the addition of alkali (NaOH). Several anionic resin catalysts were screened... 

Numerous microreactors were developed for methanol steam reforming. Some of these reactors were still heated by electricity and carried exchangeable plates for catalyst screening [497-503]. However, these devices are bulky because space is required to carry gaskets and screws, and they are still far from any practical applications [504]. 

Altliough some reactors (e.g., those u.sed in methanol and catalytic reforming units) are. spherical, most are vertically mounted ve.ssels with elliptical heads. There are fewer connections for the plant layout designer to be concerned with than there are with the dLstillation tower. Generally, connections are limited to inlet and outlet, maintenance access, unloading,. sample, and temperature. Internally, reaaors are furnished with bed supptms, screens, inlet baffles, outlet collectors, catalysts, and inert materials. Exhibit 9-3 depicts a typical reactor and its principal components. 

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