Methanol reducing

An equimolar quantity of sodium cyanoborohydride (Na+B CN ) in methanol reduces CpFe (CO) 3+BFi (1) over one hour to the known (36,37) methoxymethyl complex CpFe(C0)2(CH20Me) (2). 

Both "wet" flash calculations predict a higher concentration of water in the vapor phase than the graphical correlations. The presence of methanol reduces the predicted water content of the vapor phase. 

Gasoline contains methanol methanol reduces the oxidative stability of gasoline... 

Reduction of 5H-dibenz[6/]azepine with sodium borohydride in acetic acid yields the N-ethyl-10,11 -dihydro derivative (124 R1 = Et, R2 = H), reduction of the double bond being accompanied by reduction of the AT-acetyl group formed in situ (74JA7812). In contrast, sodium borohydride in methanol reduces 5-acetyl- 10-cyanodibenz[ >,/]azepine to the 5-acetyl-10,11-dihydro derivative (124 R1 = Ac, R - CN) (76T1345). 

LiAlH4 usually reduces open-chain anhydrides to give 2 moles of alcohol, With cyclic anhydrides the reaction with LiAIH4 can be controlled to give either diols or lactones572 (see 9-41). NaBH4 in THF, with dropwise addition of methanol, reduces open-chain anhydrides to one mole of primary alcohol and one mole of carboxylic acid.573 OS VI, 482. 

Methyl borate (b.p. 68°) forms a 1 1 azeotrope (b.p. 54.6°) with methanol (b.p. 64°).5 Since the presence of even a small amount of methanol reduces the yield considerably more than would be expected from the stoichiometry,4 6 methyl borate stocks should be freshly distilled through a good column to remove as fore-run any methyl borate-methanol azeotrope which may have been formed by hydrolysis during storage. 

Attempts to reconstitute a photooxidized surface by reevaporation of various extracts on both unirradiated and irradiated polystyrene surfaces were only partially successful. Deposition of the material from a methanol extract on unirradiated polystyrene, a film irradiated 2.5 hours and extracted with water, and on a film irradiated 2.5 hours and extracted with methanol reduced the water contact angle by 55°, 50°, and 51°, respectively. The same experiments with a water extract, either as such or evaporated to dryness and redissolved in methanol, produced erratic results both from film to film and on the same film. The latter result may be due to the formation of islands of material. Such inconsistencies may be the result of differences in the way various photooxidation products reorient on redeposition or to changes in the orientation... 

Treatment of. Co2(CO)e(RC2R ) complexes with aqueous acids in methanol reduces the coordinated alkyne to an olefin 48). Octafluoro-4,4 -dimethoxytolan is formed from Co2(CO)g(C6FgC2C6F5) by treatment with sodium hydroxide in methanol. 

High catalytic activities, with turnovers of up to 9(X) cycles min , is displayed in the transfer hydrogenation of a,p-unsaturated ketones, such as benzylideneacetone and chalcone, using 2-propanol and catalytic amounts of [Ir(3,4,7,8-Me4-phen)COD]Cl (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline COD = 1,5-cyclo-octadiene) in a weakly alkaline medium. Other Ir-chelated complexes are also active catalysts in this reaction, with over 95% selectivity for the 1,4-reduction mode. Divalent lanthanide derivatives, such as Sml2 or Ybh in stoichiometric quantities, in THF and t-butyl alcohol or methanol reduce ethyl cinnamate and cinnamic acid to give the saturated derivatives. " Similarly, 3-methylcyclohexenone is reduced to 3-methylcyclohexen-l-ol in 67% yield, but a,p-unsaturated aldehydes are nonselectively reduced with these systems. 

Sodium cyanoborohydride in acidic methanol reduces a,g-unsaturated esters, nitriles, and nitro compounds to their saturated derivatives.80... 

Removal of almost all the water from the methanol reduces the eluent baseline considerably and also increases the height of the water peak for a sample. With this treatment the detection limit is estimated to be <5 ppm water. 

Results of XAFS measurements are compiled in Table 1 with the results of the estimates of the TEM measurements (for details on TEM results see ref. [ 13 ]). The catalysts are named according to the stabilizing polymer and particle size determined by TEM. Except for the PVP stabilized catalyst reduced with methanol, an excellent agreement exists between the size of the metal particles estimated from TEM and EXAFS. The methanol reduced sample shows the smallest particle size when estimated from EXAFS, while it appears to be much larger in TEM. At present we would like to speculate that this is due to the formation of agglomerates (diameter 3.5 nm) formed from very small particles (diameter 1.2 nm). Consequendy, the eatalyst is named Rh/PVP/3.5-a to indicate the difference with the sol containing primary particles of 3.5 nm in diameter. 

The effect of higher levels of methanol cosolvent (10 vol %) on these polymers is shown in Figure 9. At this level of methanol, the 1.7% S-PS values are very similar to those of the PS control, although there are some differences that are still not fully understood. Nevertheless, under these conditions methanol reduces the level of ionic associations in... 

Place 50 mL in a 100 mL beaker, add 2.5 mL of methanol, and swirl to mix. The methanol reduces the interaction between the herbicides and the tube packing, promoting easy removal of the herbicides in 1 mL of methanol later. 

The initial asymmetric synthesis (see Scheme 5.2) of pyrrolidine acid 3 suffered from a chiral HPLC bottleneck. As a result, chiral salt resolution was investigated. The rapid discovery of a crystalline di-p-toluoyl-D-tartaric acid salt provided the necessary means to resolve and purify the desired diastereomer. Using 0.65 equivalent of the acid in methyl (cr(-butyl ether (MTBE), the crystallized salt was shown to be a 92 8 ratio of (3S,4R) (3R,4S) diastereomers. The resolved tartaric acid salts were then recrystalhzed from n-butanol to ratios of >99 1 in a 42% overall yield on a 2-kg scale. Further improvements were made in the preparation of the azomethine ylide precursor 38. In step 1, using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the solvent, the reaction temperature of trimethylsilylmethylation of tert-butylamine was lowered from 200°C used in the original synthesis to 80°C. In step 2, substituting n-butanol in place of methanol reduced the amount of oligomerization observed and increased the yield to 69%. Overall, these improvements allowed for the preparation of pyrrolidine acid 3 in 22% overall yield in 99% ee from cinnamate 39 (Scheme... 

Reductions. Aluminum with NH4CI in methanol reduces nitroarenes to arylamines on ultrasound irradiation. On the other hand, Al-KOH induces hydrazoarene formation. Under similar conditions (Al-NaOH) reductive dimerization of araldehydes occurs. Concerning reductive dimerization in aqueous media, it is interesting to note that changing Al-KF to Al-Fep2 system causes reduction to ArCH20H only. ... 

However, the results shown in Figure 3.a support the second hypotliesis (direct oxidation of CH4 to COx), since it can be observed tliat methanol reduces nitric oxide in the presence of oxygen, indicating that if die oxygenated intermediate were formed during the CH4 + NO + O2 reaction, NOx could favourably compete with oxygen to react with the said intermediate. Tlie equilibrium between NO and NO2, wliich miglit... 

PAM 401 Faiiy. nonfatiy, iuid variable moisture El. Extraction with methanol E2. Extraction with methanol, reduced sample. size for low prtxlucis Cl. TWo-stage liquid-liquid partitioning, and charcoal/Cclitc column cleanup DLl forA-methyl CMS method includes postcolumn hydrolysis and derevatizaiion... 

Rao and Chakraborty (1988) have studied the effects of solvent extractions on the chemical composition of tobacco. Water extractions significantly reduced the levels of nicotine, reducing sugar and polyphenols. Extractions with methanol reduced the content of solanesol, neophytadiene, hydrocarbons, and steroids. The solvent extractions did not alter the structural identity of the tobacco. There were no significant cellular changes. 

Ferguson and O Brien [26] attempted to relate SEC behaviour to boiling point in order to extend the determination of true boiling point to levels above those achievable by distillation or vacuum distillation. Micrel columns were used (PS-DVB, 10, 500,100A) with, unusually, 9 1 tetrahydrofuran meth-anol as eluent. A Pye Unicam LCM2 moving-wire flame-ionization detector was used. The addition of methanol reduced the anomalous retention of polar compounds. 

---