Liquid cloud

Condensed phase interactions can be divided roughly into two further categories chemical and physical. The latter involves all purely physical processes such as condensation of species of low volatility onto the surfaces of aerosol particles, adsorption, and absorption into liquid cloud and rainwater. Here, the interactions may be quite complex. For example, cloud droplets require a CCN, which in many instances is a particle of sulfate produced from SO2 and gas-particle conversion. If this particle is strongly acidic (as is often the case) HNO3 will not deposit on the aerosol particle rather, it will be dissolved in liquid water in clouds and rain. Thus, even though HNO3 is not very soluble in... 

Sander, R. Modeling atmospheric chemistry Interactions between gas-phase species and liquid cloud/aerosol particles, Surv. Geophys., 20, 1-31, 1999. 

Figure 14.49 shows the absorption of light from an overhead sun by liquid cloud droplets, water vapor inside the cloud, and water vapor in a column in the atmosphere for a 1-km stratus cloud whose top is 2 km above the ground (Davies et al., 1984 see also Goldstein and Penner, 1964). There are small amounts of absorption in the tail end of the red region of the visible attributed to water vapor in and outside the cloud. The absorption increases into the near-IR (the region from 780 to 2500 nm or 12,800-4000 cm-1) and mid-IR (2.5-50 fim or 4000-200 cm-1) where liquid water in the cloud absorbs (e.g., see Evans and Puckrin, 1996). 

Physical Appearance Clear liquid Cloud Point 42C... 

Appearance Clear Liquid Cloud Poi nt 54C Kraft Point <0C... 

Appearance Clear Liquid Cloud Point 83C Kraft Point >0C... 

Figure 6 The Ci2Es-water system. This diagram illustrates how the existence of a liquid-liquid (cloud point) miscibility gap dramatically alters the nature of the solubility boundaries, without profoundly altering the overall phase behavior relative to that of soaps and other surfactants. (From Ref. 102.)...

For appendixes it is interesting to compare the parameters of a homogeneous (gas) cloud and a heterogeneous two-phase (gas + spray liquid) cloud detonation. Based on experimental data [20, 27], at the detonation of a cloud of motor fuel (benzine, kerosene) dispersed in air blast waves of amplitude... 

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