Sodium lignosulfonate

Calcium-sodium lignosulfonate is a better retarding additive when high concentrations of bentonite are to be used in the design of the cement slurry. 

Lignins are most usually employed as various types of sodium lig-nosulfonate and are products of sulfite pulping. (Kraft lignins from the Kraft pulping process are also available.) They are used as dispersants, binders, sequestrants, and emulsifiers. Sodium lignosulfonate product variables include color, MW, and the degree of carboxylation and sulfonation on the lignin backbone. 

Kelig 100 is a sodium lignosulfonate with a high degree of sulfonation and excellent sequestering properties, and it is compatible with almost all types of formulations. 

Ross and Miles foam heights with amide fatty acid amides, 2 456t surface tension, 8 244t viscosity enhancement, 2 455t Sodium lignosulfonate... 

Type Spruce wood sulfite lye calcium lignosulfonate (%) [12] Sodium lignosulfonate (%)... 

Many concrete producers use a combination of superplasticizer and a conventional water-reducing, set-modifying or air-entraining admixture to achieve the desired performance. The superplasticizer provides the major portion of the required water reduction and the conventional admixture is added to achieve one or more of the following objectives (1) further water reduction (2) admixture economy (3) the desired air content (4) increased workability and (5) extension of set and workability. Coimnercial conventional admixture formulations used for this purpose are usually based on sodium lignosulfonates, hydroxycarboxylic acids or processed carbohydrates. Such combinations, besides reducing the dosage of the... 

We have investigated ultrafiltrated sodium lignosulfonate which is a three dimensional polyelectrolytic macromolecule. Rauma-Repola Corporation, Finland, produced ultrafiltrated sodium lignosulfonate in 95% purity, which contained only 5% impurities, mostly sugars. 

Sodium lignosulfonate with 1. N,N-dimethyl acetamide and sulfur... 

Conductivities of sulfur lignin (SL), sodium lignosulfonate (NaLS), and some common materials are represented in Table III. 

Polyaromatic sodium lignosulfonate and sulfur lignin resin can be made conducting by doping. The conductivity increases by several decades through doping with electron acceptors and donors as shown in Table IV. 

We have doped sulfur lignin and sodium lignosulfonate in vapor-phase (iodine, bromine, and ammonia) and in liquid phase (sodium and ferrichlo-ride). The conductivity mainly depends on the nature of the dopant ion and the doping degree. Doping can be monitored by IR-spectroscopy. The intensities of the peaks decrease, and the fine structure vanishes, when the... 

Table IV. Conductivities of sodium lignosulfonate (NaLS) and sulfur lignin (SL) with some dopants ...

When sodium lignosulfonate or sulfur lignin are compounded, for instance, with iodine or bromine, complexes supposedly form (16-17). These systems are conductors with mixed ionic and electronic nature. Presumably they are charge transfer complexes, since the electronic conductivity predominates (18-19). These compounded materials form charge transfer structures (20). Water is supposed to introduce ionic conductivity to the system. Impurities affect conductivity, too (21). In any case, the main models of conductivity are probably based on the band model and/or the hopping model. 

Differential Scanning Calorimetry and NMR Studies on the Water—Sodium Lignosulfonate... 

In this study, we chose the water-sodium lignosulfonate (NaLS) system, with various water contents ranging from 0 to ca. 2.3 grams of water per... 

RAYMIX and ULTRAMIX are chemically desugared and modified sodium lignosulfonates used in retarding and non-retarding concrete admixtures. 

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