Methacrylate/divinyl benzene copolymers

Nonaka, T. Uemurra, Y. Kurihara, S. Preparation of the resins containing quaternary ammonium groups from glycidyl methacrylate-1,4-divinyl-benzene copolymer beads and antibacterial activity of the resins. Nippon Kagaku Kaishi 1994, 12, 1097-1106 (written in Japanese). 

Both anion and cation hydrocarbon-type exchange membranes (styrene-divinyl-benzene copolymer type) are generally stable in ordinary concentrations of acid solutions (about 40% sulfuric acid, 10% hydrochloric acid, 20% nitric acid, 50% acetic acid) and in alkali solutions such as sodium hydroxide (5%), ammonia (4%), etc.64 However, ion exchange membranes using ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, sulfoethyl methacrylate, and other acrylic and methacrylic esters, are less stable than styrene-divinylbenzene type membranes. 

The seed latexes used as the cores of the imprinted particles were prepared from hydrophilic or hydrophobic polymers. The hydrophilic seeds were prepared from methyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate/ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate copolymers, while the hydrophobic seeds were composed of polystyrene or styre-ne/divinyl benzene copolymers. Hydrophilic- and hydrophobic-imprinted shells were then laid over these cores. It was found that the best cholesterol recognition was obtained with a hydrophilic-imprinted shell and a poly(methyl methacrylate) core. However, the performance deteriorated when the core was lightly cross-linked with ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate. In a second paper [10], imprinted polymers were prepared by the noncovalent approach with cholesterol rebinding relying upon hydrophobic interactions between cholesterol and the imprinted shell. To achieve this, the template was modified to give it the characteristics of a surfactant. The structure of the template surfactant is illustrated in Fig. 2. 

Petro and co-workers [31] used a moulded monolithic rod of macro porous PS-divinyl benzene copolymer as a separation medium for the HPLC of styrene oligomers and copolymers, e.g., styrene-2-naphthyl-methacrylate. On column precipitation redissolution chromatography is an alternative to size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). The solvent gradient used comprises a poor solvent (water, methanol, acetonitrile) and increasing amounts of a good solvent such as tetrahydrofuran. 

Styrene Copolymers, Copolymerization is another way to improve the mechanical properties and chemical resistance of polystyrene. Acrylonitrile, butadiene, alphamethylstyrene, methyl methacrylate, divinyl-benzene, maleic anhydride, and other monomers have been copolymerized with styrene to produce commercially important copolymers. Some of the most widely used of these are those prepared with acrylonitrile and butadiene. Styrene copolymerized with butadiene (SBR) is one of the more important elastomeric materials used today. (See Chapter 18.)... 

ACPA azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) AIBN azobis isobutyronitrile) BPO benzoyl peroxide DVB divinyl benzene, EGA 2-ethylcyano-acrylate HPC hydroxypropyl cellulose MMA methyl methacrylate PAAc polyacrylic acid PEI polyethyleneimine, PEO/PPO polyethylene oxide/polypyropylene oxide copolymer PVME polyvinylmethylether PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30 DMSO dimethylsulfoxide PGA polyglutaraldehyde CMS chloromethylstyrene PMMA-g-OSA polymethylmethacrylate grafted oligostearic acid. 

Tatsuzawa et aq 36,37,45,59 separat.ed cold drugs and neuroleptics by using a styrene-divinyl benzene-methyl methacrylate copolymer as stationary phase. The best results were obtained with methanol - ammonia (99 1) as mobile phase. The effect of the pH and of the composition of the mobile phase on the separation were discussed. Aramaki et al.70 analyzed a series of alkaloids on a macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer with alkaline acetonitrile - water mixtures as mobile phase (Fig. 7.10). The columns showed excellent stability, and also under the strong basic conditions used for the analysis of the alkaloids. 

Sodium 2-(dodecyloxy)-2-oxoethane-1 -sulfonate. See Sodium lauryl sulfoacetate Sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium n-dodecyl sulfate. See Sodium lauryl sulfate Sodium DTPA. See Pentasodium pentetate Sodium DVB/acrylates copolymer Definition Sodium salt of a polymer of divinyl benzene and one or more monomers consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or their simple esters... 

Many different support materials were developed [3, 4] since the original use by Merrifield of a polystyrene-based support material for polypeptide synthesis [5]. The work of Merrifield is described in Chap. 8 (see section on proteins). Beads of copolymers of styrene with divinyl benzene are available commercially and have been widely used as supports for many reactions. Many other polymeric materials are also used. These can be various other type of copolymers of styrene or with other polymers. The list includes cellulose, starch, polyalkanes, polyamides, poly(glycidyl methacrylate), polyisobutylene, polynorbomene, polyacrylamide, and others. In some instances, even glass was used. The more prominent support materials are presented below. 

Preformed particles are incorporated into the epoxy matrix by simple mechanical mixing. The dispersibility of the particles can be improved by 1) introducing crosslinking into the shell or 2) using comonomer-like acrylonitrile or GMA, which increases the interfacial adhesion by polar or chemical interaction [96, 97]. Quan and co-workers [98] reported that for poly (butadiene-co-styrene) core poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) shell particles, the cluster size reduces from 3-5 pm to 1-3 pm as a result of using 5 wt% crosslinker (divinyl benzene). They also found that the cluster size could be further reduced to 1-2 pm by using a methyl methacrylate-acrylonitrile (MMA-AN) or methyl methacrylate-glycidyl methacrylate (MMA-GMA) copolymer shell composition. 

PGC has been used to determine the composition (Le., monomer ratios) of a wide range of copolymers including ethylene-propylene [90, 91], natnral rubber and styrene butadiene rubbers [92, 93], styrene-divinyl benzene [94], polyhexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride [95], acrylic and methacrylic acid [96], PE-ethyl acrylate and PE-vinyl acetate [97], and MMA-ethyl acrylate copolymers [98]. 

Figure 13 shows 10 ym core and shell particles with a core of poly-(styrene/divinyl benzene) and a shell of a copolymer of hydroxyethyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate. 

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