Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

4-cyanopentanoic acid

ACPA azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) AIBN azobis isobutyronitrile) BPO benzoyl peroxide DVB divinyl benzene, EGA 2-ethylcyano-acrylate HPC hydroxypropyl cellulose MMA methyl methacrylate PAAc polyacrylic acid PEI polyethyleneimine, PEO/PPO polyethylene oxide/polypyropylene oxide copolymer PVME polyvinylmethylether PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30 DMSO dimethylsulfoxide PGA polyglutaraldehyde CMS chloromethylstyrene PMMA-g-OSA polymethylmethacrylate grafted oligostearic acid. [Pg.202]

In this case, ACPC is preferable to 4,4 azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) (ACPA), since the reaction at... [Pg.756]

RAFT polymerization of two anionic acrylamido monomers sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-sulfonate, AMPS, and sodium 3-acrylamido-3-methyl-butanoate, AMBA, (Scheme 29) was conducted in water at 70 °C using 4,4/-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) as the initiator and 4-cyanopentanoic acid dithiobenzoate as the RAFT chain transfer agent [80]. The synthesis was initiated either from one monomer or the other leading to narrow molecular weight distributions in both cases (Mw/Mn < 1.2). [Pg.48]

Monofunctional and difunctional xanthates, shown in Scheme 30, were employed as chain transfer agents in the synthesis of block and triblock copolymers of acrylic acid, AA and acrylamide, AAm PAA-fr-PAAm, PAAm-fr-PAA-fo-PAAm and P(AA-sfaf-AAm)-fr-PAAm [81]. The polymerizations were conducted in aqueous solutions at 70 °C with 4,4 -azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) as the initiator. The yields were almost quantitative,... [Pg.48]

The initiators used in emulsion polymerization are water-soluble initiators such as potassium or ammonium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, and 2,2 -azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride. Partially water-soluble peroxides such a succinic acid peroxide and f-butyl hydroperoxide and azo compounds such as 4,4 -azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) have also been used. Redox systems such as persulfate with ferrous ion (Eq. 3-38a) are commonly used. Redox systems are advantageous in yielding desirable initiation rates at temperatures below 50°C. Other useful redox systems include cumyl hydroperoxide or hydrogen peroxide with ferrous, sulfite, or bisulfite ion. [Pg.363]

The second method (12) uses 4,4 -azobis-4-cyanopentanoic acid as the initiator according to the following synthetic scheme ... [Pg.135]

Spherical gold nanoparticles coated with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) grafts have been synthesized by controlled radical polymerization. The polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide was initiated from the surface of the nanoparticles modified with 4-cyanopentanoic acid dithiobenzoate for reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization. The mean diameter of the Au core was 3.2 nm, as observed by means of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy [90]. [Pg.150]

In basic chemicals, nitrile hydratase and nitrilases have been most successful. Acrylamide from acrylonitrile is now a 30 000 tpy process. In a product tree starting from the addition of HCN to butadiene, nicotinamide (from 3-cyanopyridine, for animal feed), 5-cyanovaleramide (from adiponitrile, for herbicide precursor), and 4-cyanopentanoic acid (from 2-methylglutaronitrile, for l,5-dimethyl-2-piperidone solvent) have been developed. Both the enantioselective addition of HCN to aldehydes with oxynitrilase and the dihydroxylation of substituted benzenes with toluene (or naphthalene) dioxygenase, which are far superior to chemical routes, open up pathways to amino and hydroxy acids, amino alcohols, and diamines in the first case and alkaloids, prostaglandins, and carbohydrate derivatives in the second case. [Pg.159]

A acrylonitrile unit, B butadiene unit, V 1,2-butadiene unit, C cis-1,4 butadiene unit, primed units reversed arrangement, T trans-1,4 butadiene unit, CyCA 2-cyclohexene-1-carbonitrile and I 4,cyanopentanoic acid end group a Erythro or threo defined by a Newman projection of this carbon and the other nearest asymmetric centre ... [Pg.418]

Carboxyl-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer, mentioned above, was found to have 4-cyanopentanoic acid end-group originating from 4,4,7-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) initiator [32],... [Pg.426]

The RAFT homopolymerization was mainly applied to vinyUc suhbbe-taines, for the synthesis of homopolymers as well as of block copolymers. The synthesis of the latter proceeds mainly in two steps a macromolecular CTA of a monomer A is synthesized, which is subsequently employed in the polymerization of a monomer B. Polymers 49a, 49b, and 50 (Scheme 10) were prepared using 4-cyanopentanoic acid dithiobenzoate as CTA. Mw/Mn values between 1.04 and 1.08 at higher conversion were reported [154]. [Pg.177]

Different vinyl monomers have also been reported to give block copolymers, in combination with other bifiinctional initiators, provided that the two photolabile groups differ sufficiently in the selective absorption of the light to jwrmit a two-step synthesis. Indeed, an azo-oligoperoxyester has been iM-epared [55] by reaction of hydrogen peroxide with 4,4 -azobis-(4-cyanopentanoic acid chloride) ... [Pg.197]

A polymeric initiator with terminal halogen containing groups can be prepared by using a bifimctional initiator 4,4 -azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid-trichloroacetyl-amide) (ACPT) [142]. When this polymer is irradiated at 436nm in the presence of Mn2(CO)io and the appropriate monomer, block copolymers are obtained [143], according to Scheme 40 ... [Pg.198]

DuPont developed a commercial process for the conversion of 2-methylgluta-ronitrile (MGN, 148) to 4-cyanopentanoic acid ammonium salt (4-CPA, 149, Scheme 48). Compound 149 is an intermediate for the synthesis of 1,5-di-methyl-2-piperidone (150), which is known as a precision cleaning solvent... [Pg.304]

A carboxy-functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles for further bioconjugation could also be obtained in magnetic poly(ethylmethacrylate) (PEMA) particles by copolymerizing EMA with acrylic acid [150,151], or by using 4,4 -azo-bis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) (ACPA) as initiator [152]. [Pg.25]


See other pages where 4-cyanopentanoic acid is mentioned: [Pg.986]    [Pg.982]    [Pg.269]    [Pg.240]    [Pg.751]    [Pg.596]    [Pg.50]    [Pg.254]    [Pg.240]    [Pg.269]    [Pg.136]    [Pg.163]    [Pg.214]    [Pg.986]    [Pg.240]    [Pg.21]    [Pg.69]    [Pg.2]    [Pg.339]    [Pg.122]    [Pg.37]    [Pg.102]    [Pg.111]    [Pg.240]    [Pg.6]    [Pg.225]    [Pg.214]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.986 ]




SEARCH



4- Cyanopentanoic acid dithiobenzoate

Azobis cyanopentanoic acid

© 2024 chempedia.info