Metals, disease

Cobalt compounds can be classified as relatively nontoxic (33). There have been few health problems associated with workplace exposure to cobalt. The primary workplace problems from cobalt exposure are fibrosis, also known as hard metal disease (34,35), asthma, and dermatitis (36). Finely powdered cobalt can cause siUcosis. There is Htfle evidence to suggest that cobalt is a carcinogen in animals and no epidemiological evidence of carcinogenesis in humans. The LD q (rat) for cobalt powder is 1500 mg/kg. The oral LD q (rat) for cobalt(II) acetate, chloride, nitrate, oxide, and sulfate are 194, 133, 198, 1700, 5000, and 279 mg/kg, respectively the intraperitoneal LD q (rat) for cobalt(III) oxide is 5000 mg/kg (37). 

Colbalt Hydrogenations of solid fuels and fuel oils Manufacture of terephthalic acid High pressure production of aldehydes Lung irritation (hard metal disease) respiratory sensitization... 

Restorations of nineteenth-century organs in the cathedrals of northern Europe revealed a metal disease often attributed to the corrosion of tin. Chemically speaking, however, the structural change in the metal pipes is a completely different phenomenon. What aspects of chemistry must organ builders consider when attempting to achieve a particular acoustical character ... 

Carbides of Hard metal disease Hyperplasia, metaplasia of... 

Diffuse pulmonary fibrosis ( hard metal disease ), loss of appetite, nausea, cough, blood changes. No... 

Ruokonen E-L, Linnainmaa M, Seuri M, Juhakoski P, Sdderstrom K-0 (1996) A fatal case of hard metal disease. Scand J Work Environ Health 22 62-65... 

Grinding operations have, in the past, involved lung hazards (hard metal disease) from the abrasives in the wheel. Again, effective fixed or portable collection devices exist for grinders. 

Fig. 2.1.3. Hard metal disease. The lower power view shows fairly advanced diffuse interstitial inflammation and flbrosis with numerous airspace macrophages and giant cells. The inset shows several very large giant cells...

Auerbach O, Garfinkel VA, Joubert L (1984) Histologic type of lung cancer and asbestos exposure. Cancer 54 3017-3021 Bar-Ziv J, Goldberg GM (1974) Simple siliceous pneumoconiosis in Negev bedouins. Arch Environ Health 29 121-126 Bech AO, Kipling MD, Heather JC (1962) Hard metal disease. Br J Indust Med 19 239-252... 

Cugell DW (1992) The hard metal diseases. Clin Chest Med 13 269-279... 

Coates EO Jr, Watson JH (1971) Diffuse interstitial lung disease in tungsten carbide workers. Ann Intern Med 75 709-716 Coates EO Jr, Sawyer HJ, Rebuck JW et al (1973) Hypersensitivity bronchitis in tungsten carbide workers. Chest 64 390 Cugell DW (1992) The hard metal diseases. Clin Chest Med 13 269-279... 

Migliori M, Mosconi G, Michetti G et al (1994) Hard metal disease eight workers with interstitial lung fibrosis due to cobalt exposure. Sci Total Environ 150 187-196... 

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