Metalation organo-, review

Transition metal organometallic chemistry has been one of the most active areas of chemical research for the past twenty-five years. A significant part of this research has been concerned with the use of transition metal organo-metallics in organic synthesis. This two-volume work reviews the literature in this area with particular emphasis on the most effective synthetic transformations. 

In the previous volume of this series, an article entitled Organo-Transition Metal Chemistry—A Guide to the Literature 1950-1970 (1) attempted to list a majority of the textual sources of information concerning transition metal organometallics which have appeared over the last two decades. Since the preparation of that survey, a large number of important new contributions have appeared. In the present account, the new review literature has been surveyed up to the end of 1971. In addition, several books and articles omitted from the earlier survey are included. 

Reports of conferences organized by the New York Academy of Sciences are published in the Annals, and several of these contain either original contributions or review articles concerned with aspects of organo-transition metal chemistry. 

Far less effort has been directed at organic solid-state spectra than at organo-metallics and coordination complexes. Much of the work on organic systems was done by Walter Gordy and his students at Duke University in the 1960s and 1970s. We review a couple of these experiments here. More information is available in Gordy s book.30... 

The purpose of this chapter will be to serve as a critical introduction to the nature and origin of the chemical effects of ultrasound. We will focus on organo-transition metal sonochemistry as a case study. There will be no attempt to be comprehensive, since recent, exhaustive reviews on both organometallic sonochemistry Q) and the synthetic applications of ultrasound (2) have been published, and a full monograph on the chemical, physical and biological effects of ultrasound is in press (3). 

The polymerization of olefins and di-olefins is one of the most important targets in polymer science. This review article describes recent progress in this field and deals with organo-transition metal complexes as polymerization catalysts. Recent developments in organometallic chemistry have prompted us to find a precise description of the mechanism of propagation, chain transfer, and termination steps in the homogeneously metal-assisted polymerization of olefins and diolefins. Thus, this development provides an idea for designing any catalyst systems that are of interest in industry. 

Few would deny the importance of photochemistry -few would further deny that full exploitation of photochemistry demands an intimate knowledge of the identity, structure and behavior of the appropriate intermediates. In this article we review some of the methods used to obtain this information, and the techniques are illustrated with some detailed examples taken from Organo-metallic - mostly metal carbonyl - Photochemistry (1). Since this symposium looks towards the 21st century ( ) a few speculations on future experiments are included. 

This volume is not intended to provide a comprehensive review of all the important developments in olefin polymerization catalysis in recent years instead, it highlights a representative series of important examples in this area. I am extremely grateful to the experts who have contributed by writing a chapter and hope this volume will be helpful to researchers, teachers, and students interested in organo-metallic and polymerization chemistry. 

The use of electrochemical methods for the destruction of aromatic organo-chlorine wastes has been reviewed [157]. Rusling, Zhang and associates [166, 167] have examined a stable, conductive, bicontinuous surfactant/soil/water microemulsion as a medium for the catalytic reduction of different pollutants. In soils contaminated with Arochlor 1260, 94% dechlorination was achieved by [Zn(pc)] (H2pc=phthalocyanine) as a mediator with a current efficiency of 50% during a 12-h electrolysis. Conductive microemulsions have also been employed for the destruction of aliphatic halides and DDT in the presence of [Co(bpy)3]2+ (bpy=2,2 -bipyridine) [168] or metal phthalocyanine tetrasulfonates [169]. 

Housecraft CE (1995) Compounds with three- or four-coordinate boron, emphasizing cyclic systems. In Abel EW, Stone FGA, Wilkinson G (eds), Comprehensive Organo-metallic Chemistry II, A Review of the Literature 1982-1994, Vol 1. Pergamon Press, Oxford... 

In a review by Gonsalves el al. (2000), techniques for the fabrication of nano-structured materials are outlined. Synthesis from corresponding organo-metal precursors of nano-structured metals (Fe, Co, Ni) and alloys (Fe-Co, Pt-Pd, and special steels) are discussed and various methods considered such as thermal decomposition, ultrasonic irradiation, chemical vapour deposition, laser pyrolysis and reduction. 

Loos MA (1975) Phenoxyalkanoic acids. In Kemey PC, Kaufman DD (eds) Herbicides chemistry, degradation and mode of action, vol 1. Marcel Dekker New York, pp 1-128 Lovley DR (1993) Dissimilatory metal reduction. Annual Review of Microbiology 47 263-290 Macalady DL, Wolfe NL (1983) New perspectives on the hydrolytic degradation of the organo-phosphorothionate insecticide chloropyrifos. J Agric Food Chem 31 1139-1147 Macalady DL, Wolfe NL (1985) Effects of sediment sorption and abiotic hydrolysis. J Agric Food Chem 33 167-173... 

Association-phenomena In order to find out the associations of all participating species in the catalytic process (better in all product-determining elementary steps of the cycles), caused by their properties [symbol f ( )] and concentrations (symbol f [ ]), we have applied and modified the Method of Inverse Titration to organo-metallic chemistry (Chap. 3) (for a review of titration procedures see Ref.. ... 

---