Metal/metallic compound fillers

NR Composites and Nanocomposites Based on Metal or Metallic Compound Fillers... 

Bitumen modifiers can be synthetic polymers, natural rubber (latex) and some chemical additives such as sulfur and certain organo-metallic compounds. Fibres and fillers (inorganic powders) are not considered to be bitumen modifiers. Table 3.16 gives some typical bitumen modifiers, as well as significant improvements to asphalts. Polymers are the most common type of bitumen modifiers, with thermoplastic elastomers being the most popular polymer. 

J-29 is a structural foam adhesive-ribbon (tape) (18) specifically prepared for honeycomb structure. The epoxy resin is foamed by a diazo compound, and metallic powder filler is used to increase the thermal conductivity.,... 

Description Latexes, solvent solutions compounded with resins, metallic oxides, fillers, etc. Solvent solutions and latexes because tack is low, rubber resin is compounded with tackiflers and plasticizing oils Two-part liquid or paste... 

NR composites and nanocomposites can be fabricated by three main techniques, namely latex compounding, solution mixing and melt blending. A variety of nanofillers, such as carbon black, silica, carbon nanotubes, graphene, calcium carbonate, organomodified clay, reclaimed rubber powder, recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) powder, cellulose whiskers, starch nanocrystals, etc. have been used to reinforce NR composites and nanocomposites over the past two decades. In this chapter, we discuss the preparation and properties of NR composites and nanocomposites from the viewpoint of nanofillers. We divide nanofillers into four different types conventional fillers, natural fillers, metal or compound fillers and hybrid fillers, and the following discussion is based on this classification. 

Latexes and solvents solutions, often compounded with resins, metallic oxides, fillers, etc. 

Many metals, metal salts and metallic compounds are used as additives in plastics. They are used as stabilizers, pigments, fillers, flame retardants and antistatics. The most commonly used metals are aluminum, titanium, lead, zinc, antimony, tin, chromium, and molybdenum. Nickel, copper and zirconium compounds are used to a lesser degree. 

Starch can be nsed as a natural filler in traditional plastics (11,23-33) and par-ticnlarly in polyolefins. When blended with starch beads, polyethylene films (34) biodeteriorate on exposure to a soil environment. The microbial consumption of the starch component, in fact, leads to increased porosity, void formation, and the loss of integrity of the plastic matrix. Generally (32,35-38), starch is added at fairly low concentrations (6-15%) the overall disintegration of these materials is achieved by the use of transition-metal compounds, soluble in the thermoplastic matrix, as pro-oxidant additives which catalyze the photo- and thermooxidative process (39-44). 

Surface treatments with bi-functional additives, which form very strong covalent bonds to the filler and then bond to a polymer by a variety of mechanisms, are widely available. They are based on organo-metallic compounds with the general formula ... 

Very often, thermoplastics contain minute amounts of metallic compounds which originate from polymerization catalysts, contaminated fillers, polymerization or processing equipment, or metal contact (wire and cable insulators) during the use of the polymer. The interactions between the polymer and metallic substances are complex, but generally result in the accelerated aging of the material. Most metal deactivators are bifunctional stabilizers with phenolic and nitrogen, or phenohc sulfide and phosphite, moieties in their structure, and act by a chelating action which reduces the harmful effects of the metal ions. 

Gernot Frenking, Iris Antes, Marlis Bohme, Stefan Dapprich, Andreas W. Fillers, Volker Jonas, Arndt Neuhaus, Michael Otto, Raff Stegmann, Achim Veldkamp, and Sergei F. Vyboishchikov, Pseudopotential Calculations of Transition Metal Compounds Scope and Limitations. 

Traditionally, where good shielding was required, equipment cases were made from metal, but more recently polymers have become widely used. These polymers are rendered conductive by processes such as electroplating, electroless plating, vacuum deposition, sputtering and flame spraying. Alternatively, they can be compounded with conductive fillers such as carbon blacks, carbon fibres, aluminium flakes, stainless steel fibres and various metal-coated fillers. 

An adhesive consisting of an epoxy resin, a medium high acrylonitrile rubber, and Pb, Cu, Ni, Pd or Co compound fillers was used to bond EPDM vulcanizates. Peel strengths of 22.5 kg/20 mm after a 1 hour at 100 C cure were obtained. Another adhesive composition involving a blend of carboxylated nitrile rubber, epoxy resin and a reactive metal filler has been described for bonding EPDM vulcanizates or EPDM rubber-nitrile or butyl rubber blends. 

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