Metal metabolism

Jackson TA. 1998. Mercury in aquatic ecosystems. In Langston WJ, Bebiarmo MJ, editors. Metal metabolism in aquatic environments. London, UK Chapman Hall, p. 77-158. 

Kostial K, Kello D, Jugo S. et al. 1978. Influence of age on metal metabolism and toxicity. Environ Health Perspect 25 81-86. 

Fukami, M., H. Obayashi, E. Yoshimura, S. Yamazaki, and S. Toda. 1988a. Effects of zinc on metal metabolism of the zinc tolerant chlorotic mutant of Euglena gracilis Z. Agricul. Biol. Chem. (Japan) 52 2343-2344. 

Knowledge of the intracellular thermodynamics and kinetics of metal metabolism may become useful in the design of compounds that alter intracellular metal ion availability. This in turn may be useful in controlling such biological phenomena as cancer cell proliferation, disorders of metal metabolism, and metal-induced neurotoxicity. 

Howard, B. J. (1983). Heavy Metal Metabolism in Helix aspersa Muller. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Reading, UK. 

It turns out that the six-membered Cu3( -8)3 rings are paradigmatic units. This type of ring system has been incorporated into current models of metallothioneins [low-molecular-weight proteins which are believed to play a key role in metal metabolism (cf. references in 136)]. The structural chemistry of the Ag complexes seems to be different. Monocyclic Ag(8 ) rings can be linked via bridging ligands as in [(86)Ag(88)Ag(86)] (133) or condensed as in [Ag2(86)2] " (28) (126). 

Heavy metals stimulate or inhibit a wide variety of enzyme systems (16, 71, 72), sometimes for protracted periods (71, 73). These effects may be so sensitive as to precede overt toxicity as in the case of lead-induced inhibition of 8 ALA dehydrase activity with consequential interference of heme and porphyrin synthesis (15, 16). Urinary excretion of 8 ALA is also a sensitive indicator of lead absorption (74). Another erythrocytic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphatase, when present in abnormally low amounts, may increase susceptibility to lead intoxication (75), and for this reason, screens to detect such affected persons in lead-related injuries have been suggested (76). Biochemical bases for trace element toxicity have been described for the heavy metals (16), selenium (77), fluoride (78), and cobalt (79). Heavy metal metabolic injury, in addition to producing primary toxicity, can adversely alter drug detoxification mechanisms (80, 81), with possible secondary consequences for that portion of the population on medication. 

Sex hormones can cause changes in metal metabolism, including both increased and reduced plasma zinc concentrations and raised serum copper however, serum magnesium is not affected (191). The clinical importance of these effects is not known. 

Natural Phenolics and Metal Metabolism in Neurodegenerative Diseases... 

There is a common feature in the two major neurodegenerative diseases In both Alzheimer s disease (AD) and Parkinson s disease (PD) there is an imbalance of metal metabolism leading to oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis. It is well known that there is no cure or efficient treatment available for these diseases. Is there a way to prevent these diseases From this review... 

I propose that by acting as antioxidants, phenolics can prevent and even cure these diseases by modulating the imbalance of metal metabolism. 

IMBALANCE OF METAL METABOLISM, OXIDATIVE STRESS, AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES... 

In this chapter we examine the relationship between metal homeostasis (i.e. essential metal metabolism and protection from metal toxicity) and metal tolerance, and the role that metal-binding proteins and metal-regulated gene expression play in these processes. 

At present, it is not possible to define the role of plant MTs that will await final purification, and both in vivo and in vitro studies of metalbinding. The evidence to date, however, indicates a role in Cu metabolism but not Cd metabolism non-PC-like components bind Cu but not Cd MT genes from a range of plants are constitutive and abundant in roots, indicating a key role in normal cellular activity. The inference of this is that these proteins function in essential metal metabolism. 

Toasted and browned foods are rich in products of the Maillard reaction. Much effort has been devoted to investigating the effect of the Maillard reaction on protein quality, flavor, and aroma. Recently the influence of Maillard products on metal metabolism has also been investigated. 

A. Jemelov, A.L. Martin, Ecological Implications Of Metal Metabolism By Micro-Organisms, Swedish Water and Air Pollution Research Laboratory, Stockholm, 1975, p. 32. 

An interesting feature of heavy metal metabolism is the role of intracellular metallothionein, which consists of two similar proteins with a low molecular mass of about 6500. As a consequence of a high content of the amino acid cysteine,... 

Engel, D.W., and Brouwer, M. (1993) Crustaceans as models for metal metabolism. I. Effects of the molt cycle on blue crab metal metabolism and metallothionein. Mar. Environ. Res. 35, 1-12. 

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