Molting cycle

No effect on duration of molt cycle, but dose-related inhibition of regenerative limb growth noted (EC50 = 0.11 pg/L for left 5th periopod) 29... 

Conklin, P.J. and Rao, K.R. Toxicity of sodium pentachlorophenate (Na-PCP) to the grass shrimp. Palaemonetes pugio, at different stages of the molt cycle, 5u77. E/ndro/ . Contam. Toxicol, 20(2) 275-279,1978. 

Figure 2. A molting cycle failure of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, caused by ingestion of the crude methanol extract of Ajuga remota root. The insect underwent normal apolysis, but failed to complete ecdysis. Thus, it could not remove its head capsule or its trunk exuviae. Magnification X11.

Figs. 3 and 4 are electron micrographs of a fall armyworm, and a pink bollworm, respectively. Both Insects have three head capsules because they underwent two failed molting cycles before death. That Is, even though feeding became Impossible after the first Inhibited ecdysls because the adhering second head capsule covered the mouthparts, these larvae could synthesize a third head capsule. ... 

Engel, D.W., and Brouwer, M. (1993) Crustaceans as models for metal metabolism. I. Effects of the molt cycle on blue crab metal metabolism and metallothionein. Mar. Environ. Res. 35, 1-12. 

He related proteins in Arthropods. Some members of the type 3 copper protein family are closely related to hemocyanins and phenoloxidases but lost the ability to bind oxygen any more. In most cases they are known as pseudohemocyanins, hexamerins, and hexamerin receptors. In the case of cryptocyanin, three of the six highly conserved copperbinding histidine residues of hemocyanin are lacking. The concentration of cryptocyanin in the hemolymph is closely coordinated with the molt cycle and reaches levels... 

Travis, D.F., 1951. Physiological changes which occur in the blood and urine of Panuliris argus Latreille during the molting cycle. Anat. Rec., Ill 573. 

Hemolymph ecdysteroid concentration fluctuates dramatically during the molt cycle (e.g., from <10 ng/ml in postmolt to >350 ng/ml in premolt lobster). These... 

The proposal that pheromones are released through crustacean urine is supported by experiments that are reviewed in several chapters in this volume. There is evidence that urine contains ecdysteroids (Seifert 1982) and that their amounts vary during the molt cycle. Our laboratory (Snyder and Chang 1991b, c) observed that the urinary concentrations of ecdysteroids varied during the molt cycle with the highest levels in late premolt, corresponding to the dramatic decline in hemolymph ecdysteroids that occurs immediately prior to ecdysis. 

Schwanke ML, Cobb JS, Kass-Simon G (1990) Synaptic plasticity and humoral modulation of neuromuscular transmission in the lobster claw opener during the molt cycle. Comp Biochem Physiol C 97 143-149... 

Snyder MJ, Chang ES (1991a) Ecdysteroids in relation to the molt cycle of the American lobster. Homarus americanus. I. Hemolymph titers and metabolites. Gen Comp Endocrinol 81 133-145... 

Possible solutions - Crustacean species employ various reproductive strategies in terms of the temporal relationship between gonad maturation, mating, and spawning, and these reproductive stages are coordinated with the molt cycle in a variety of ways (reviewed by Raviv et al. 2008). Can chemical cues be one of the inputs to the female sensory system that regulate any of these stages of a reproductive cycle ... 

Chang ES, O Connor JD (1978) In vitro secretion and hydroxylation of a-ecdysone as a function of the crustacean molt cycle. Gen Comp Endocrinol 36 151-160 Chang ES, Sage BA, O Connor JD (1976) The qualitative and quantitative determinations of ecdysones in tissues of the crab, Pachygrapsus crassipesy following molt induction. Gen Comp Endocrinol 30 21-33... 

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