Metal induction

Boiler ducts or flues Electric lamps Hot process equipment Welding metal Induction brazing Hot plates Soldering irons ... 

Induktions-hMrten, n.(Metal.) induction hardening. -ofen, m. induction furnace, -rolle, -spule,/. induction coil, -strom, m. induction current, -vermogen, n. inductive capacity, -wirkung, /. inductive effect, -zeit, /. period of induction. 

The inductively coupled plasma source (Fig. 20.11) comprises three concentric silica quartz tubes, each of which is open at the top. The argon stream that carries the sample, in the form of an aerosol, passes through the central tube. The excitation is provided by two or three turns of a metal induction tube through which flows a radio-frequency current (frequency 27 MHz). The second gas flow of argon of rate between 10 and 15 L min-1 maintains the plasma. It is this gas stream that is excited by the radio-frequency power. The plasma gas flows in a helical pattern which provides stability and helps to isolate thermally the outside quartz tube. 

Eukaryotic Yeast plasmid or integration into host chromosome by homologous recombination Transient or permanent Amino acid requirement in autotrophic strain heavy metal induction of resistance gene Yeast ori sequence constitutive or inducible promoter transcription terminator... 

Sunderman FWJr. 1987. Metal induction of heme oxygenase. In Silbergeld EK, Fowler RA, eds. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Vol. 514, New York, NY New York Academy of Sciences, 65- 80. 

Metallothionein expression is mainly regulated at the transcriptional level and is induced by various heavy metals, such as zinc. There are seven short sequence motifs located in a region within 200 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site. These cis-acting DNA elements are responsible for heavy metal induction and are thus termed metal responsive elements (MREs) (Stuart et al., 1984). Several regulatory proteins have been cloned which interact with these MREs. One of these, MRE-binding transcription factor-1 (MTF-1), is essential for the transcriptional activation of metallothionein genes by heavy metals like zinc and cadmium (Radtke et al., 1993 Palmiter, 1994 Heuchel et al., 1994 Koiszumi et al., 1999). 

Table 6-1. Metal induction of peroxidase in different organs of higher plant species (after Van Assche and Clijsters, 1990b, adapted).

Induction of metallothionein Trace metals Induction of metallothionein and other similar metal binding proteins, can be measured in the tissues (liver and kidney of vertebrates, digestive gland, hepatopancreas of invertebrates) of many different organisms from bivalves to humans (Viarengo et al., 1997)... 

Keywords Biomonitoring Birds Feathers Heavy metals Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Pollution Magpie... 

Histidine metal Induction Emulsifier Induction Concentration Induction... 

In experiments demonstrating subset induction, the proteins induced by metals represent a subset of the proteins induced by heat (Table 1). Findings from these studies indicate that some of the proteins induced by heat are insensitive to metal induction. Additional accounts of subset induction have been reported in murine lymphocytes (Rodenhiser et al. 1986) and human melanoma cells (Delpino et al. 1992). In contrast, in metal-specific induction, specific proteins have been identified that are only sensitive to metals (Table 1). Other examples of metal-specific induction have been reported in human periodontal ligament cells (Sauk et al. 1988), rat aortic smooth muscle (Kohane et al. 1990), and Chinese hamster ovary cells (Lee et al. 

Early in vivo studies examining the effect of metals on HO demonstrated that metal induction of HO is tissue specific with respect to the inducing metal. Most of these studies examined HO induction by assaying enzymatic activity. Cadmium, mercury, lead, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, tin, indium, thallium, platinum, silver, and selenium have been shown to induce HO in liver (Maines and Kappas 1977 Woods et al. 1979, 1984 Eaton et al. 1980) however, cobalt and cadmium are the most effective inducers. In contrast, nickel, tin, and platinum represent the best inducers of the enzyme in kidney in heart, mercury is the most effective. While the usual response of HO to metals is induction of synthesis and... 

Metal Induction of SOS response Ames test Modified Ames test ... 

High resistivity, low-thermal conductivity, resistance to thermal shocks and low reactivity to metals Induction, dielectric and microwave heaters in contact with metals Si3N4, SiC, MgO... 

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