Metal-coated mirror

An oscillation camera film data collection facility has been established at Stanford. This station (beam line VI1-1) uses 1 mrad of beam from an eight-pole multipole wiggler (Winick and Spencer 1980). The optics consists of a bent Ge(lll) triangular monochromator followed by a bent metal coated mirror. The small number of available mrad of beam is easily compensated by the number of poles in the wiggler. The station has been used extensively. Examples of structures reported using data collected on this station are given in chapter 10. 

In the infrared region, several materials (for example, CaF2, NaCl, and KBr crystals) are transparent up to 30 jim (Fig. 4.6). However, because of the high reflectivity of metallic coated mirrors and gratings in the infrared region, grating spectrometers with mirrors are preferred over prism spectrographs. 

For molded-plastic patls, vacuum coating techniques are increasingly replacing conventional coating methods, such as electroplating. For example, using vacuum coaling methods, automobile reflectors obtain a mirror-like surface, plastic articles in the furniture, decoration, clock and vratch as ell as electronics industry are metal-coated and optical effects are created on articles in the decoration industry. 

Mainly on aluminum. Mirror coatings are used to protect the thin metal surface (silver, copper) of metal-coated glass against oxidation or reaction with H2S or S02. 

These common uses only hint at all the things that transition metals can do. The copper penny, for instance, is mostly made of zinc, another transition metal. Chromium provides the shiny, mirror-like metal coating on chrome car bumpers, but is also added to some lasers to make their light shine red. Nickel and chromium combine in an alloy that can be coiled into the wires that heat toasters and hair dryers. Titanium dioxide is a very white reflective compound used in toothpaste and paints. The transition metal cadmium is used in brilliant and permanent colors such as cadmium yellow, red, and orange. Artists have used cadmium-based paints for hundreds of years, and manufacturers used the colors more recently in plastic products. However, the colors are rarely used now that scientists have discovered that cadmium pollution can cause cancer and other health problems. 

The opposite case of that of a silver mirror surface are metal coatings obtained from solution without brightening addition agents. These metal surfaces are usually known as mat surfaces. 

Then, mirror bright surfaces can be simulated by Fig. 38a, semibright surfaces by Fig. 38b and a surface which would show a small degree of mirror reflection (i.e., a metal coating obtained from a solution in the absence of brightening addition agents) by Fig. 38c (see Figs. 8a, 11, 19, 21, 27, 30, 32 and 35). 

Most rhodium alloys are used for industrial or research purposes, such as laboratory equipment and thermocouples. A thermocouple is a device for measuring very high temperatures. Rhodium alloys are also used to coat mirrors and in searchlights because they reflect light very well. Rhodium is sometimes alloyed with other precious metals in the manufacture of jewelry and art objects. 

Electroless deposition, or autocatalytic plating, may be defined as deposition of a metal coating by a controlled chemical reduction, catalyzed by the metal or alloy being deposited. Electroless deposition has been known for a long time. One of its early uses was the deposition of a mirror-like layer of silver on the internal surfaces of Dewar flasks for improved thermal isolation, and as the back coating of mirrors. Later, it was used for deposition of different metals and alloys, and even for induced codeposition of alloys. 

The schematic interferometer diagrams given do not show most of the optics, such as beam collimators and focusing mirrors. Mirrors in an FTIR are generally made of metal. The mirrors are polished on the front surface and may be gold-coated to improve corrosion resistance. Commercial FTlRs use a variety of flat and curved mirrors to move light within the spectrometer, to focus the source onto the beam splitter, and to focus light from the sample onto the detector. 

The reflections are measured in /7-polarized light at the Brewster angle from the side of the semiconductor substrate. The measurements are carried out at three frequencies. The first is in the region where there is no selective absorption of the oxide (h, U). The next two are at the peaks of the TO (h, h) and LO (A, U) phonon absorptions of the oxide layer, first prior to the deposition of a metallic coating (with the help of an external mirror) (7i — h) and then after the deposition of the metal (U — Is). The relevant intensities are given by... 

Nikolic ND, Rakocevic Z, Popov KI (2004) Reflection and structural analyses of mirror bright metal coatings. J Solid State Electrochem 8 526—531... 

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